Chapter 6

Tuberculosis Case Study Answers

1. What are the key findings in Mrs. Xiong’s physical examination that suggest a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?

Mrs. Xiong’s key findings on physical examination include fatigue, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, a persistent dry cough, and reduced breath sounds in the right upper lobe with occasional crackles. These symptoms, along with a chest X-ray showing cavitary lesions in her right upper lung lobe and a positive sputum AFB test, strongly suggest a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

2. What is the first-line therapy for treating active pulmonary TB, and what are the possible side effects of these medications?

The first-line therapy for treating active pulmonary TB consists of a combination of medications including isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) taken for a minimum of six months. Possible side effects include hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, flu-like symptoms, and visual disturbances, respectively.

3. What nursing interventions are essential to prevent the spread of TB infection in the hospital setting and ensure Mrs. Xiong’s safety and well-being?

Essential nursing interventions include placing Mrs. Xiong in a negative pressure isolation room, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), educating Mrs. Xiong on respiratory hygiene, administering and monitoring her medications, ensuring good nutrition and rest, providing emotional support, and communicating with the multidisciplinary team for coordinated care.

4. What should Mrs. Xiong be educated about regarding her condition, including the importance of medication adherence, infection control measures, and follow-up care?

Mrs. Xiong should be educated about the importance of adhering to her prescribed medications to ensure successful treatment and prevent drug resistance. She should also be taught respiratory hygiene practices to minimize the spread of TB infection to others, including coughing or sneezing into a tissue or elbow, disposing of tissues properly, and wearing a mask if leaving her room. Additionally, she should understand the importance of follow-up appointments to monitor her progress and ensure continued care.

All of the answers to the interactive element are found within the element.