Appendix A – Normal Reference Ranges
The following normal reference ranges are used for laboratory tests discussed throughout the book.[1]
Acid Base
| pH | 7.35 – 7.45 |
|---|---|
| PaCO2 | 35 – 45 mmHg |
| HCO3- | 18 – 22 mmol/L |
| PaO2 | 80 – 100 mmHg |
Cardiac
| CK | 25 – 200 U/L |
|---|---|
| CKMB | 0 – 4 ng/mL |
| Troponin | 0 – 0.4 ng/mL |
Cholesterol Panel
| Total Cholesterol |
3 – 5.5 mmol/L or < 200 mg/dL |
|---|---|
| HDL | 40 – 80 mg/dL |
| LDL | 85 – 125 mg/dL |
| Triglycerides | 50 – 150 mg/dL |
Coagulation Profile
| Prothrombin Time |
11 – 14 sec |
|---|---|
|
International Normalized Ratio (INR) |
0.9 – 1.2 |
| aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) | 20 – 40 sec |
Complete Blood Count and Differential
| RBC (Red Blood Cell Count)
|
Male: 4.50 – 5.90 million/mm3
Female: 4.00 – 5.20 million/mm3 |
|---|---|
| RDW (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width) | 11.5% – 14.5% |
|
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) |
80 – 100 fL |
|
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) |
0.4 – 0.5 fmol/cell |
|
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) |
30 – 35 g/dL |
|
Hemoglobin |
Male: 13 – 17 g/dL
Female: 12 – 15 g/dL |
|
Hematocrit |
Male: 40% – 52%
Female: 36% – 47% |
|
White Blood Cells (WBC) |
4000 – 10,000 mm3 |
| Neutrophils | 46 – 78% |
| Lymphocytes | 18 – 52% |
| Monocytes | 3 – 10% |
| Eosinophils | 0 – 6% |
| Basophils | 0 – 3% |
| Platelet Count | 150,000 – 400,000 mm3 |
HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1C)
| A1C | 3.9 – 6.2% |
|---|
Iron
| Total serum iron | Male: 65 – 180 µg/dL (men)
Female: 30 – 170 µg/dL (women) |
|---|---|
| Ferritin | Male: 12 – 300 ng/mL (men)
Female: 12 – 150 ng/mL |
| Transferrin | 200 – 350 mg/dL |
| Total Iron-Binding Capacity |
45 – 85 µmol/L |
Metabolic Panel
| Sodium | 135 – 145 mmol/L |
|---|---|
| Potassium | 3.5 – 5 mmol/L |
| Chloride | 95 – 105 mmol/L |
| Calcium | 8.5 – 10.2 mg/dL |
| Magnesium | 1.5 – 2 mEq/L |
| Phosphate | 0.8 – 1.5 mmol/L |
| Glucose | 65 – 110 mg/dL |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 8 – 21 mg/dL |
| Creatinine | 0.8 – 1.3 mg/dL |
Liver Function Tests
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 50 – 100 U/L |
|---|---|
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | 5 – 30 U/L |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | 5 – 30 U/L |
| Albumin | 35 – 50 g/L |
| Total Protein | 60 – 80 g/L |
| Total Bilirubin | 2 – 20 µmol/L |
| Amylase | 30 – 125 U/L |
Thyroid Hormones
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | 0.5 – 5 mIU/L |
|---|---|
| Total Thyroxine (T4) | 4.9 – 11.7 mg/dL |
| Total Triiodothyronine (T3) | 0.7 – 1.5 ng/dL |
Urinalysis
| Appearance | Clear |
|---|---|
| Color | Amber Yellow |
| Odor | Aromatic |
| pH | 5-8 |
| Protein | negative |
| Specific Gravity | 1.002 – 1.030 |
| Leukocyte Esterase | negative |
| Nitrites | negative |
| Ketones | negative |
| Bilirubin | negative |
| Crystals | negative |
| Casts | 0 – 4 hyaline casts/lpf |
| Glucose | negative |
| WBCs | 0 – 5/hpf |
| RBCs | 0 – 5/hpf |
Miscellaneous
| Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) | < 100 pg/mL |
|---|---|
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | < 5 mg/L |
| d-Dimer | < 500 ng/mL |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 50-150 U/L |
- Medscape. (2024, April 20). Lab values, normal adult. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172316-overview? ↵
