6.1 Respiratory Introduction
Learning Objectives
- Apply principles of evidence-based practice when using the nursing process
- Identify the roles and responsibilities of the nurse in caring for the client with respiratory disorders
- Explain the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders
- Identify life span considerations of the client
- Apply principles of client-centered care when considering diversity of the client
- Apply therapeutic communication in caring for the client with respiratory disorders
- Integrate common pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures for the client with respiratory disorders
- Interpret common laboratory and diagnostic tests
“Respiratory PreTest” by Kellea Ewen and Open RN is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
The respiratory system is a complex and intricate network of organs and tissues that play a pivotal role in the overall health and well-being of an individual. Its primary function is gas exchange with the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the body.
The respiratory system works in conjunction with the cardiovascular system, enabling the delivery of oxygen throughout the body and the removal of carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
Health alterations in the respiratory system can have profound consequences on an individual’s physical and emotional well-being. When the respiratory system falters, it can lead to numerous health issues, ranging from coughing and shortness of breath to more severe conditions that impact the ability to sustain life.
The emotional and psychological impact of respiratory disorders should also not be underestimated. Individuals dealing with chronic respiratory disease often experience anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life due to their limited ability to engage in activities of daily living, enjoy hobbies, or even socialize with others. Dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of many respiratory disorders and is defined as a feeling of difficulty breathing or air hunger. Dyspnea can be particularly distressing, not only because of the feeling of anxiety that it provokes, but also because it impairs one’s sense of control and autonomy, leading to increased stress and emotional strain. In addition to administering medications and providing health teaching related to respiratory health alterations, nurses also provide psychosocial support to help clients manage their feelings of dyspnea and anxiety and enhance their quality of life.
This chapter will review the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system; provide an overview of general respiratory system assessments, diagnostic tests, and interventions; and then discuss common respiratory alterations of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and miscellaneous respiratory disorders.
Shortness of breath.
