Chapter 4

Answer Key to Chapter 4 Learning Activities

4.2 Leader vs. Manager Case Analysis

Case 1: Manager – Sima’s tasks involve allocating resources, making assignments, and handling staffing needs, which are all core management functions related to budgeting and staffing.

Case 2: Leader – Juan focuses on establishing direction, identifying issues requiring change, and creating a shared vision, all of which are leadership functions. He also implements strategies and inspires his team, which further emphasizes his role as a leader.

Case 3: Manager – Maria’s activities involve planning, organizing, and prioritizing, which are essential management functions. Setting goals, establishing time frames, and creating policies and procedures are typical responsibilities of a manager.

Case 4: Manager – Emily’s responsibilities, such as budgeting, resource allocation, and managing staffing needs, are core management functions. These tasks involve planning and organizing to ensure operational efficiency.

Case 5: Leader –  Rachel’s focus on building effective teamwork, advocating for patients and the nursing profession, and open communication aligns with leadership functions. These activities emphasize influencing others and fostering a collaborative environment.

4.2 Just Culture Case Study

Case Investigation A

Classification of Error:

• Systemic Error (Design Flaw in Labeling)

Recommended Actions:

1. Report the Labeling Issue: Communicate with the insulin vial manufacturer about the confusing labeling and request a redesign to enhance clarity.
2. Labeling Review Committee: Establish a committee to review all medication labeling for potential confusion and initiate changes if necessary.
3. Training and Awareness: Conduct training sessions to educate nursing staff about the new labeling and interim measures to avoid confusion.
4. Double-Check Protocol Reinforcement: Reinforce the importance of adhering to double-check protocols, especially when using newly designed medication vials.
5. Incident Reporting System Enhancement: Enhance the incident reporting system to capture and analyze trends related to medication errors and implement preventive measures.

Case Investigation B

Classification of Error:

• Human Error (Due to Time Pressure and High Workload)

Recommended Actions:

1. Workload Assessment: Conduct a thorough assessment of the nursing workload and staffing levels to ensure they are adequate for safe patient care.
2. Time Management Training: Provide training for nursing staff on time management strategies to handle high patient loads without compromising safety protocols.
3. Staffing Solutions: Explore staffing solutions such as hiring additional staff, using float pools, or employing temporary nurses during peak times.
4. Protocol Reinforcement: Reinforce the importance of following safety protocols regardless of time pressures and workloads.
5. Supportive Environment: Create a supportive environment that encourages nurses to follow protocols without fear of repercussions for taking necessary time to ensure patient safety.

Case Investigation C

Classification of Error:

• Reckless Behavior (Intentional Bypassing of Safety Protocols)

Recommended Actions:

1. Disciplinary Action: Take appropriate disciplinary action against the nurse for knowingly disregarding safety protocols, which may include suspension, retraining, or termination depending on the severity and frequency of the behavior.
2. Behavior Monitoring: Implement a system to monitor and review the behavior of nurses to ensure adherence to safety protocols.
3. Retraining Program: Mandate a retraining program for the nurse to emphasize the importance of safety protocols and the consequences of non-compliance.
4. Culture of Safety: Foster a culture of safety within the hospital where following protocols is non-negotiable and staff feel accountable for their actions.
5. Counseling and Support: Provide counseling and support for the nurse to address any underlying issues contributing to the reckless behavior.

4.5 Learning Activity Sample Scenario

1-3. This learning activity is meant to elicit students’ reflection on leadership styles, coaching, and change theory. Responses and application will vary.

Answers to interactive elements are given within the interactive element.