Exercises
Utilize the “Suite of Patients” and suggested prompt activities below to engage your students in knowledge application associated with the various learning units throughout the text.
Clients on the Inpatient Unit
- 56-year-old female admitted yesterday afternoon with nausea/vomiting and right-sided upper abdominal pain that increases after eating. Has had two stools since admit and vomiting stopped after dose of Zofran in ER. Had ERCP yesterday afternoon for dilated biliary duct. She is scheduled for OR this morning for cholecystectomy. Only medical history is depression and surgical history of C-section x2. She does not take any medications routinely at home. She is accompanied by her 17-year-old daughter.
- 65-year-old male hospitalized three days prior with malaise, cough, cachexia, and 30 pounds of unintentional weight loss over past six weeks. He has a remote history of alcohol and drug abuse but has been sober for more than 10 years. He was diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), and oral candidiasis. He is being treated with IV fluids, IV Bactrim, and IV fluconazole. He is divorced and has one daughter. His ex-wife came to the hospital yesterday to visit. He has no visitors currently. The client is very quiet and withdrawn.
- 32-year-old nonbinary person, who was transferred from the ICU this morning after being extubated. Client was admitted five days prior with COVID. Client cannot have visitors due to COVID status. Continues four liters nasal cannula oxygen.
- 29-year-old female with cellulitis on right arm from infiltration from heroine injection. Her wife is present, along with their 4-year-old son. She had an I&D yesterday and may need to have repeat procedure tomorrow. Currently on IV antibiotics.
- 52-year-old male with gangrene of fourth toe from having a nail through sole of shoe. Client has a history of uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension (HTN), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2, and peripheral neuropathy. Receiving IV antibiotics and scheduled for toe amputation tomorrow. He has no visitors.
- 82-year-old female who had elective right hip replacement for uncontrolled hip pain and degenerative joint disease (DJD). She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and dietary restrictions; previous hysterectomy, osteoporosis, carpal tunnel repair, and rheumatoid arthritis, which she takes oral methotrexate to control. She has a son who is visiting. Expected to be discharged today.
- 68-year-old male awaiting nursing home placement following admission for hepatic encephalopathy from alcoholism. He was medically cleared last week but is a registered sex offender and has yet to find placement. He has an activated power of attorney, who is a state-appointed guardian. He continues to get up without calling, makes inappropriate remarks to staff, and had a fall three days prior. Other history is bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, type 2 diabetic, chronic kidney disease stage 3, and hypertension.
- 19-year-old female admitted for what is presumed Benadryl overdose last evening. On room air, needs to have 1:1 sitter present. Client is not responding to questions; does not know if this is accidental overdose or intentional. History of previous intentional overdose, depression, and anxiety. Dad is present and demanding to know if a toxicology screen was completed and what it showed.
- 61-year-old male admitted six days prior with confusion. Was found by a neighbor wandering. Works at the local gas station. Initial work up shows what appears to be lung cancer with brain metastasis. Client does not have a power of attorney. He is not married and is estranged from his son. Neighbor who found him is a friend and is willing to become guardian. History from neighbor and review of medical records shows a history of smoking. Neighbor says it does appear he has lost weight recently but hadn’t mentioned other concerns when he had talked to him about two weeks ago. In the process of paperwork to be completed for guardianship. Client had been aspirating when eating; decision to start nasal gastric feed was made yesterday by ethics committee. Awaiting guardianship for further decision on biopsy for confirmed diagnoses and decision to proceed with treatment or switch to hospice care.
- 45-year-old female admitted last evening who is short of breath, dizzy, light-headed, and gastrointestinal bleed. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) scheduled for this morning. If negative, will need prep for colonoscopy and then colonoscopy tomorrow. Client has little medical history except had recently returned from an overseas trip and had chest and back pain about two days after returning. Had been found to have a saddle PE and was hospitalized for five days on heparin drip and discharged home with coumadin about a week prior. Client continued to have back and intermittent chest pain and had been taking ibuprofen 1-2 times daily since discharge. Husband brought her in last night when she was found to have a Hgb of 6.2. Husband is furious that no one told them she should not be taking ibuprofen on previous discharge.
- 64-year-old male with BKA for nonhealing diabetic ulcer; scheduled to go to rehab today if bed becomes available. Lives alone in a second floor, low-income apartment without an elevator. Does not have any visitors.
- 32-year-old male admitted 15 days prior for newly diagnosed AML. Received induction therapy starting 13 days ago. Client is at nadir, will need 1 unit of PRBCs for a Hgb of 6.2 today and a unit of platelets for a platelet count of 8. Client has had fevers for the past two days and is currently receiving vancomycin and cefepime. Also, on prophylactic acyclovir and fluconazole. Client has mucositis and is on PCA pump and receiving TPN and diet as tolerated (magic mouthwash before meals).
- Cachexic 25-year-old female with history of cystic fibrosis. Admitted for CF exacerbation overnight. Eats during the day and is tube fed overnight. Admitted for extensive pulmonary toileting, IV antibiotics (tobramycin and cefuroxime), continued home respiratory treatments. Client also needs to have nutrition recommendations reviewed during this hospitalization. She is here with her boyfriend. The boyfriend also has two school-aged children who would like to visit.
- 78-year-old male with a history of HTN and hypothyroid. Admitted two days prior to abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting. Had a colectomy yesterday for perforated diverticulitis. Client is NPO and has NG tube in place. Had nausea overnight. His wife is expected to visit later today; she went home after return from OR yesterday.
- 89-year-old female admitted from nursing home yesterday with increased confusion. Has a history of dementia, HTN, type 2 diabetes, and dysphagia. Was found to have a UTI. Started on IV Levaquin; awaiting urine cultures. Expected discharge tomorrow. She has been trying to get up frequently overnight. No family present. Needs 1:1 supervision for all feedings.
- 82-year-old man admitted with COPD exacerbation and is on 2 L of home oxygen baseline. Oxygen saturation was 78% on arrival and has not been able to do ADLs because of shortness of breath. Has CAD, HTN, and PAD. Lives in a duplex with his granddaughter who lives on the other side. His granddaughter called yesterday.
- 68-year-old male who is morbidly obese and admitted two days prior for shortness of breath with CHF. Client is on IV bumex and is down 25 pounds since admit. He has a history of HTN, CAD, post CABG, and CKD stage 2. Expected discharge today.
- 36-year-old female admitted for excessive uterine bleeding four days prior. Newly diagnosed with uterine cancer. Client had open hysterectomy, oophorectomy, salpingotomy, and lymph node biopsy. Had diagnostics, port placement, and staging over the past three days. Expected discharge today. Her husband is here with their 16-month-old daughter. The husband has been very inattentive during this hospitalization and has expected her to watch their daughter over the last couple days and even left to go for lunch yesterday while leaving the daughter in the room.
- 68-year-old male with history of stage 3 CKD and admitted with AKI on CKD yesterday. Client has had nausea and vomiting for past 36 hours; baseline creatinine of 1.8 and was 4.6 on admit. Has been given fluid hydration and is down to 3.2 this morning.
- Bed open.
- It is “ortho day” in the OR. There are three clients scheduled. 1 is a 54-year-old male with bilateral knee replacement (0800 surgery time) and scheduled for observation admit. 68-year-old women with right knee (1100 surgery time) and expected to be discharged. 78-year-old male with hip replacement (1300 OR time) and scheduled for observation admit.
- 72-year-old female waiting for a bed in the emergency room. Arrived overnight with hypoxia, cough, SOB. Positive for influenza.
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Prioritization
Put students in groups and a client assignment (4-5 clients). Have them identify who they would see first, second, etc. Why?
Students will review all of the clients on the unit. Have them identify those who are most critical and why.
Add in “changes of conditions” – Client with AKI on CKD morning labs showed a K of 7.2 and Na of 118. AML spikes temp of 103.6 and develops hives and chest tightness when PRBCs are infusing. Client with newly diagnosed uterine cancer states she is concerned going home with her husband because she feels the abuse is going to get worse now that she is sick.
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Delegation/Supervision
Different staffing assignments: 5 RNs/2 CNAs; 4 RNS, 2 LPNs, 2 CNAs; charge nurse/no change nurse. Have students identify appropriate assignments, tasks for delegation, etc.
Consider different types of acute care units – would you organize assignments differently?
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Legal
Develop a scenario in which one client is upset about not being taught about ibuprofen. Consider the legal implications associated with the lack of education.
How would a student address the father who wants to get information on daughter who overdosed?
Can a 17-year-old daughter be at the hospital without another guardian?
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Economics
Talk about isolation/PPE use and staffing ratios.
Have students utilize a couple different staffing tools to see acuity score.
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Quality/Evidence-Based Practice
Have students look up EBP guideline on one of their clients in their assignment (e.g., when to transfuse with blood and platelets for AML client, ERCP prior to cholecystectomy, etc.).
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Ethical Practice
Client who is waiting guardianship placement – diagnosed with new brain tumor.
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Managing the Nursing Team
Talk about the ways a charge nurse, nurse manager, and RN work with these clients.
Have each team assigned a new client (post op, one in ED) with different methods of assigning – choosing who the new client for the day would be, assigning at start of shift, and during the day.
Have one of the nurses refuse a new client.
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Collaborating with Multidisciplinary Team
With your assigned clients, whom would you interact with during the day (e.g., PT, OT, ST, provider, lab, case management)?
Classroom Activity Ideas:
Advocacy
What community agencies might you recommend to the clients with whom you are working?
How would you work with a client (e.g., the hip client #6) who doesn’t feel comfortable being discharged today?