VI Glossary
Adults at risk: Vulnerable adults who are at risk for abuse. (Chapter 6.2)
Alcohol intoxication: Signs and symptoms may include slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impaired attention or memory, and stupor or coma during or after the consumption of alcohol. (Chapter 6.5)
Alcohol overdose: Occurs when there is so much alcohol in the bloodstream that areas of the brain controlling basic life-support functions such as breathing, heart rate, and temperature control begin to shut down. (Chapter 6.7)
Alcohol use disorder (AUD): The most common SUD in the United States, including use by children and adolescents. It occurs with the sustained excessive use of alcohol. (Chapter 6.5)
Binge drinking: When females drink four or more drinks per two-hour session and males drink five or more drinks in a two-hour session. (Chapter 6.5)
Binge/intoxication: The stage at which an individual consumes an intoxicating substance and experiences its rewarding or pleasurable effects. (Chapter 6.5)
Cannabis intoxication: Includes two or more of the following symptoms: conjunctival erythema, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia within two hours after cannabis use. (Chapter 6.5)
Caregiver: A person who has taken responsibility for all or part of an individual’s care. (Chapter 6.2)
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar): The most widely used scale to determine the need for medically supervised withdrawal management. (Chapter 6.6)
Codependency: A dysfunctional relationship pattern in which impacts a person who is affected by another person’s substance misuse. (Chapter 6.5)
Cycle of violence: A common pattern of abuse consisting of a calm phase, a tension-building phase, an altercation, and a reconciliation phase. (Chapter 6.3)
Delirium tremens (DTs): A rapid-onset, fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition that is sometimes associated with hallucinations. (Chapter 6.6)
Domestic violence: Also known as intimate partner violence; refers to abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship with a current or former spouse or dating partner. (Chapter 6.3)
Duluth Model: An innovative, community-based program addressing intimate partner violence that encourages law enforcement, family law, and social work agencies to work together to reduce violence against women and rehabilitate perpetrators of domestic violence.29 (Chapter 6.3)
Early remission: No SUD criteria have been met for three months. (Chapter 6.5)
Elder abuse: An intentional act or failure to act (neglect) that causes or creates a risk of harm to an adult age 60 or older. (Chapter 6.2)
Emotional abuse: Harm to a child’s psychological or intellectual functioning, which is exhibited by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggression. (Chapter 6.2)
Enabling: Codependent person assists the client with SUD more than they should. (Chapter 6.5)
Financial abuse: The illegal, unauthorized, or improper use of money, benefits, belongings, property, or assets for the benefit of someone other than the individual. (Chapter 6.2)
Gambling disorder: A condition in which gambling becomes an addiction and interferes with a person’s daily life. (Chapter 6.5)
Intimate partner violence (IPV): Also called domestic violence; refers to abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship with a current or former spouse or dating partner. (Chapter 6.3)
Maladaptive coping: Several types of counterproductive or ineffective behaviors used to manage stressful or unpleasant situations, such as aggressive behaviors and substance misuse. (Chapter 6.1)
Mandated reporters: Individuals who are required by law to report suspected abuse or neglect of children, adults at risk, and the elderly seen during the course of their professional duties. (Chapter 6.2)
Neglect: A situation in which a parent or caretaker fails, refuses, or is unable, for reasons other than poverty, to provide the necessary care, food, clothing, or medical or dental care, which seriously endangers the physical, mental, or emotional health of the client. (Chapter 6.2)
Neuroadaptations: Progressive changes in the structure and function of the brain. (Chapter 6.5)
Opioid intoxication: Includes pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech, and impaired attention or memory during or shortly after opioid use. (Chapter 6.5)
Opioids: Substances found in certain prescription pain medications and illegal drugs like heroin. (Chapter 6.5)
Opioid use disorder (OUD): Refers to the chronic use of opioids that causes clinically significant distress or impairment. (Chapter 6.5)
Overdose: The biological response of the human body when too much of a substance is ingested. (Chapter 6.7)
Physical abuse: Injury inflicted on a person by means other than accidental. (Chapter 6.2)
Physical violence: Hurting or attempting to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, or using another type of physical force. (Chapter 6.3)
Preoccupation/anticipation: The stage at which one seeks substances again after a period of abstinence. (Chapter 6.5)
Psychological aggression: The use of verbal and/or nonverbal communication with the intent to harm another partner mentally or emotionally and/or to exert control over another partner. (Chapter 6.3)
Recovery: A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential. (Chapter 6.5)
Relapse: Occurs when an individual returns to the former problematic behavior, such as smoking, drinking excessively, or misusing other substances. (Chapter 6.5)
Remission: When individuals with substance use disorder overcome their disorder with effective treatment and regain health and social function. (Chapter 6.5)
Role shifting: Refers to completing activities that should be the responsibility of someone else. (Chapter 6.5)
Safety plan: A set of actions that can help lower the risk of a person being hurt by an abusive partner. (Chapter 6.3)
Sexual abuse: Sexual intercourse or sexual touching of a child; sexual exploitation; human trafficking of a child; forced viewing of sexual activity; or permitting, allowing, or encouraging a child to engage in prostitution. (Chapter 6.2)
Sexual violence: Forcing or attempting to force a partner to take part in a sex act, sexual touching, or a nonphysical sexual event (e.g., sexting) when the partner does not or cannot consent. (Chapter 6.3)
Stalking: A pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact by a partner that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone close to the victim. (Chapter 6.3)
Stigma: A negative impression or perception of a condition or status. (Chapter 6.5)
Substance misuse: The use of alcohol or drugs in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause harm to the user or to those around them.36 (Chapter 6.5)
Substance use disorder (SUD): A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment. (Chapter 6.5)
Sustained remission: No SUD criteria have been met for 12 months of longer. (Chapter 6.5)
Teen dating violence: IPV that occurs during adolescence. (Chapter 6.3)
Tolerance: A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or the desired effect and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. (Chapter 6.5)
Treatment without consent: Treatment without consent refers to the administration of medication or the performance of psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy, or experimental research on an individual who has not provided informed consent. (Chapter 6.2)
Unreasonable confinement or restraint: Unreasonable confinement or restraint refers to the intentional and unnecessary confinement of an individual in a locked room, involuntary separation from their living area, use of physical restraints, or the provision of unnecessary or excessive medication. (Chapter 6.2)
Withdrawal/negative affect: The stage at which an individual experiences a negative emotional state in the absence of the substance. (Chapter 6.5)