IV Glossary

Achieved status: Status that comes as a result of one’s efforts. (Chapter 4.2)

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE): Family dysfunctions of abuse, neglect, or growing up in a household with violence, mental illness, substance misuse, incarceration, or divorce. (Chapter 4.4)

Ascribed status: Present at birth and includes cultural, religious, and economic status within the cultural group. (Chapter 4.2)

Authoritarian parents: Exert high control and discipline with low warmth and responsiveness. (Chapter 4.5)

Authoritative parents: Parents who are demanding but also emotionally responsive. (Chapter 4.5)

Autonomy: The ability of an adult to make their own decisions. (Chapter 4.7)

Behaviorism: Attention is provided for desired behaviors and undesired behaviors are ignored. (Chapter 4.5)

Blended family: Consists of two or more parents who become partners and bring children from previous relationship(s) into the family. (Chapter 4.2)

Caregiver role strain: Occurs when the caregiver feels difficulty in performing the family caregiver role. (Chapter 4.6)

Closed adoption: The family does not have access to information about the birth parent(s) nor do birth parents have access to information about the adoptive family or child. (Chapter 4.2)

Cultural humility: Defined by the ANA as a “humble and respectful attitude toward individuals of other cultures that pushes one to challenge their own cultural biases, realize one cannot know everything about other cultures, and approach learning about other cultures as a lifelong goal and process.” (Chapter 4.2)

Cultural safety: Creation of safe spaces for clients to interact with health professionals without judgment or discrimination. (Chapter 4.7)

Culture: The shared values, norms, symbols, language, objects, and way of life that is passed on from one generation to the next. (Chapter 4.2)

Decision-maker: Role is influenced by the family’s cultural and religious beliefs regarding who makes decisions and heads the household. (Chapter 4.2)

Developmental histories: Parents’ own experiences as children. (Chapter 4.5)

Discipline: A tool used to train children to follow rules. (Chapter 4.5)

Family: A group of two or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together. (Chapter 4.2)

Family caregivers: Provide regular care or assistance to a family member who has a chronic illness or disability. (Chapter 4.6)

Family dynamics: Patterns of interactions among relatives, their roles and relationships, and the various factors that shape their interactions. Because family members rely on each other for emotional, physical, and economic support, they are primary sources of relationship security or stress. Family dynamics and the quality of family relationships can have either a positive or negative impact on an individual’s health. (Chapter 4.3)

Family dysfunction: Refers to failure of the family to accomplish the intended family functions of economic support, emotional support, socialization, control of sexuality and reproduction, and ascribed status. (Chapter 4.3)

Family functions: The tasks and goals that support and sustain a family. (Chapter 4.2)

Family of orientation: The family in which a person grew up. (Chapter 4.2)

Family of procreation: The family that adults form through marriage. (Chapter 4.2)

Family roles: Recurrent patterns of behavior by which family members fulfill family functions and needs. (Chapter 4.2)

Gestational carrier: Also called surrogate mother; a woman who is impregnated through in vitro fertilization and delivers a child for a couple or individual. (Chapter 4.2)

High-resource families: Families who effectively function and meet the needs of their family members. (Chapter 4.3)

Implicit bias: A negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, about specific social group(s). (Chapter 4.2)

Inclusiveness: Refers to treating everyone fairly and equally. (Chapter 4.2)

Intimacy: Refers to the social, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and physical trust that is mutually shared among family members that makes them feel loved and secure. (Chapter 4.2)

Low-resource families: Refers to families who do not effectively meet the needs of their family members. (Chapter 4.3)

Open adoption: Ranges from simply knowing the identities of the birth parent(s) to having a continued relationship with the birth parents as the child grows up. (Chapter 4.2)

Parental demandingness: Refers to behavioral control. (Chapter 4.5)

Parental responsiveness: Refers to parental support and/or emotional warmth. (Chapter 4.5)

Parenting: A specific section of family dynamics; the process of nurturing, caring for, socializing, and preparing one’s children for their eventual adult roles. (Chapter 4.5)

Peace-maker: Keeps the peace in the family by helping family members come to agreements. (Chapter 4.2)

Permissive parents: Exert low control and discipline with high warmth and responsiveness. (Chapter 4.5)

Psychological control: Refers to parenting practices such as guilt induction, withdrawal of love, shaming, or other intrusive acts that affect the psychological and emotional development of the child. (Chapter 4.5)

Psychosocial development: Refers to the intersection of social, cultural, and environmental influences on the mind and behavior. (Chapter 4.5)

Resiliency: The ability of its members to cope with adversity and recover emotionally from stressful or traumatic events. (Chapter 4.3)

Resource families: Refer to child placement in temporary, licensed care due to extenuating circumstances involving their family of origin. (Chapter 4.2)

Socialization: The process by which people learn characteristics of their group’s norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. (Chapter 4.2)

Surrogate mother: A woman who is impregnated through in vitro fertilization and delivers a child for a couple or individual; also called a gestational carrier. (Chapter 4.2)

Time-out: Sitting quietly without interaction from a parent. (Chapter 4.5)

Tradition-holder: Keeps family traditions like decorating for holidays or celebrating birthdays, which adds to family cohesiveness. (Chapter 4.2)

Uninvolved parents: Exert low control and discipline, as well as low warmth and responsiveness. (Chapter 4.5)