Chapter 18

Endometriosis Case Study

Answers

1. The symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea); pain during intercourse (dyspareunia); infertility; heavy or irregular menstrual periods; and fatigue and bowel or urinary symptoms during menstruation.
2. Diagnostic tools and procedures used to confirm endometriosis include a pelvic ultrasound to detect ovarian endometriomas; an MRI for detailed imaging; and/or laparoscopy, the gold standard, which allows for direct visualization and biopsy of endometrial lesions.
3. Treatment options for endometriosis are as follows:

   Medical: NSAIDs for pain, hormonal therapies such as oral contraceptives, progestins, or GnRH agonists to reduce lesion growth.
   Surgical: Laparoscopic excision or ablation of endometrial implants or hysterectomy in severe cases.

4. The nurse can support Samantha’s goals regarding pain management and fertility by developing a pain management plan involving medications and nonpharmacological approaches (e.g., heating pads, relaxation techniques) and referring Samantha to a fertility specialist if conception is a priority and providing emotional support and counseling.
5. The nurse should educate Samantha about the following lifestyle modifications and symptom management: encourage regular physical activity to reduce pain, promote a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, advise stress management techniques like yoga or meditation, and inform about the potential impact of endometriosis on fertility and available options.
6. The nurse can refer Samantha to organizations like the Endometriosis Association or Endometriosis Foundation of America, suggest online forums or local support groups for individuals with endometriosis, and provide contact information for reproductive endocrinologists or pain management specialists. These resources will help Samantha cope with her endometriosis.

Please find answers to the Learning Activity interactive elements within the element.