Appendix B – Complete Glossary

Aims to provide detailed information about food and beverages consumed by a client in the past 24 hours.

Essential factors that influence the process of labor and delivery including Power, Passageway, Passenger, Positioning, and Psych.

A surgical procedure to create an opening in a fallopian tube, often to remove an ectopic pregnancy without removing the entire tube.

A common gynecological condition that includes a variety of menstrual irregularities.

Any vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of the normal menstrual cycle, such as bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause.

Blood group incompatibility in which a mother has Type O blood and the fetus has Type A, B, or AB blood.

The termination of a pregnancy, which can be elective, induced, or spontaneous.

Localized collection of pus.

The fetal heart rate shows very little or no fluctuation and appears flat or nearly flat.

The choice to not engage in sexual activity, which is the only 100% effective method to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Abrupt but temporary increases in the FHR above the baseline with an onset-to-peak of less than 30 seconds.

Status that comes as a result of one’s efforts.

Refers to the peak of a contraction.

Commonly known as acne; a common chronic skin condition in adolescents that can affect clients of any age. Acne is a result of androgens and the presence of the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes.

The advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely weakened immune system, which makes the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. AIDS occurs when CD4 cell counts drop below a critical level or certain infections develop.

Blue hands and feet.

Individuals are actively involved in changing their behavior and are open to receiving assistance from others.

Phase of labor during which cervical dilation is between six cm and 10 cm; contractions last 40-90 seconds and occur every two to five minutes.

Phase of rapid cervical change.

Based on the same principle as acupuncture but involves the therapist using their hands and fingers to stimulate specific body points, rather than needles.

Used in traditional Chinese medicine, involves the insertion of fine needles into different areas of the body to address imbalances of energy (in the form of qi).

Inflammation of the bronchi.

Congenital heart defects that do not significantly affect oxygenation but may lead to other circulatory problems.

Effective responses to stressors and include problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.

A type of pre-cancerous lesion in which glandular cells in the cervix have abnormal growth patterns. It can potentially develop into cervical cancer if not treated.

Inflammation of the adenoids.

Occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus, causing the uterus to thicken.

Have enough duration, strength, and frequency to cause the cervix to dilate and efface and move the fetus through the maternal pelvis.

The structures adjacent to an organ. In gynecology, it refers to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments attached to the uterus.

Begins at puberty and ends in early adulthood, typically between the ages of 12 and 18.

Mnemonic reflecting an easy way to remember the ANA Standards and the nursing process.

A legal process that transfers a child's parental rights from their birth parent(s) to adoptive parent(s).

Used to describe the individuals directly impacted by adoption, including adoptees, birth parents, and adoptive parents.

Vulnerable adults who are at risk for abuse.

A term that refers to physical and emotional neglect; physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; divorce; imprisonment of a family member; witnessing substance abuse or mental illness of a family member; or witnessing a parent treated violently.

Abuse, neglect, or growing up in a household with violence, mental illness, substance misuse, incarceration, or divorce can affect mental health and are linked to chronic health problems, mental illness, and substance misuse in adulthood.

The amount of pressure the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body.

Extremely low white blood cell count.

Motor restlessness.

Signs and symptoms may include slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impaired attention or memory, and stupor or coma during or after the consumption of alcohol.

When there is so much alcohol in the bloodstream that areas of the brain controlling basic life-support functions such as breathing, heart rate, and temperature control begin to shut down.

The most common SUD in the United States, including use by children and adolescents. It cocucrs with the sustained excessive use of alcohol.

Hair loss on the scalp.

A protein produced in the liver of a developing fetus, often measured in prenatal tests to assess the risk of fetal abnormalities.

A lazy or wandering eye.

The absence of menstruation. It can be primary (when menstruation never begins) or secondary (when menstruation stops after previously occurring).

A national organization that fosters high standards of professional nursing practice with a focus on improving quality health care for all.

A prenatal procedure where amniotic fluid is extracted from the uterus for testing, often used to detect genetic disorders.

A procedure in which amniotic fluid is replaced to treat fetal conditions like polyhydramnios or meconium aspiration.

A procedure that adds fluid to the amniotic sac.

A rare but serious condition where amniotic fluid enters the mother’s bloodstream, causing a severe allergic reaction.

A rare condition that occurs when an opening develops between the amniotic sac and the client’s venous system, allowing amniotic fluid and other fetal tissue to enter the maternal cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A standardized way to assess the sufficiency of the amniotic fluid quantity in pregnancy and is obtained via ultrasound.

The artificial rupture of the membranes (AROM) by a midwife or obstetrician using an amniotic hook.

Adult learning.

A group of hormones, including testosterone, that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity.

A heart-shaped inlet that were historically thought to be associated with arrest of labor deep in the pelvis.

A lethal condition where the fetal brain and skull do not form properly.

Medication which temporarily induces a loss of feeling or awareness.

Block nerves that transmit impulses to the brain and produce a loss of sensation.

The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and can act on their own.

A condition where people restrict food intake resulting in a significantly low body weight within the context of age, sex, developmental stage, and physical health.

The absence of ovulation, when the ovary does not release an egg during the menstrual cycle.

A long oval inlet and are associated with occipital posterior deliveries.

Education about emerging developmental issues that the child and/or family may encounter.

The use of a combination of medications to treat HIV infection. This therapy helps control the virus, preventing its progression to AIDS, and improves quality of life.

Feelings of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread resulting from a real or perceived threat.

A tool used to evaluate how well the newborn is tolerating the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

A temporary cessation of breathing in preterm infants due to an immature central respiratory system, often resolving as the baby matures.

Use of essential oils to aid in relaxation.

No progression in cervical dilation in clients who are at least 6 cm dilated with rupture of membranes despite 4 hours of adequate uterine activity, or 6 hours of inadequate uterine activity with oxytocin augmentation.

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Ascribed status is present at birth and includes cultural, religious, and economic status within the cultural group.

Pneumonia that occurs when food or liquid is breathed into the airways or lungs, instead of being swallowed.

Includes all fertility treatments in which either eggs or embryos are handled outside of the body.

Sharing objects and making up games and rules with other children, but the child is still focused on their own actions.

A common chronic respiratory condition that is characterized by episodes of inflammation and edema of the airways and bronchospasms that prevent air from entering the lungs.

Collapse of alveoli.

Also known as eczema, this is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy rashes.

Refers to diminishing potential physical and/or psychological stressors during illness so clients can focus their energy on healing and wellness.

A congenital heart defect in which there is a hole between the two atria of the heart.

A congenital heart defect which occurs when there is a hole in the septum which separates the right and left atria of the heart. This defect allows blood to shunt from the left atrium to the right atrium.

A neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood.

Exert high control and discipline with low warmth and responsiveness.

Parents who are demanding but also emotionally responsive.

A neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly affect a person’s behavior and their ability to socially communicate and interact.

The ability of an adult to make their own decisions.

The complete absence of sperm cells.

The complete absence of sperm cells.

Infants add consonants and repeat syllables such as “nananananana."

A normal reflex in infants where the big toe bends backward and the other toes fan out when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Episodes of tearfulness, rapid mood swings, fatigue, and sadness occurring in the postpartum period.

Infection of the trachea.

A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. Symptoms include discharge, odor, and discomfort.

A tool used to determine a newborn's gestational age.

A procedure where a balloon catheter is inserted in a narrowed blood vessel and is inflated to widen the vessel.

A fluid-filled lump that can develop in the Bartholin gland of the vulva.

Glands in the male reproductive system that produce a fluid that helps lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through during ejaculation.

Diagnosed in children if the child demonstrates disruptive behaviors that are uncommon for the child’s age, persist over time, or are severe.

Teaches clients strategies to modify the way they think about their pain and techniques to modify their response to раiո.

Reward desired behaviors and reduce maladaptive coping behaviors.

Used to manage violent or self-destructive behavior that poses an immediate danger to a client or others.

The ability to act in one’s long-term best interest, consistent with one’s deepest values.

Attention is provided for desired behaviors and undesired behaviors are ignored.

Noncancerous growths that may or may not require medical treatment.

A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, a weak urine stream, or frequent urination.

When females drink four or more drinks per two-hour session and males drink five or more drinks in a two-hour session.

Eating large amounts of food in a 2 hour period compared to most individuals in a similar period under similar circumstances, along with a sense of a lack of control over eating during the episode.

The stage at which an individual consumes an intoxicating substance and experiences its rewarding or pleasurable effects.

A process which cultivates a client’s sense of control over the labor process by promoting the feeling that their mind has control over their body.

The classification of individuals based on physical and genetic characteristics such as chromosomes, hormone levels, and reproductive/sexual anatomy.

Assesses five parameters of fetal well-being including fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements, fetal body movements, fetal muscle tone, and amount of amniotic fluid.

A medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body for examination under a microscope to diagnose conditions such as cancer.

A condition that occurs when the fetal brain and organs don't receive enough oxygen and nutrients before, during, or after birth that can result in brain damage, organ damage, or death.

A tool used to determine if the cervix is favorable for labor.

Consists of two or more parents who become partners and bring children from previous relationship(s) into the family.

Inflammation of the eyelid.

A pregnancy in which a fertilized egg implants in the uterus but does not develop into an embryo.

A thick, bloody, mucus discharge that is released through the vagina as the cervix softens and thins.

Directing a flow of oxygen at high concentration near the client's face without making direct contact.

The most commonly used assessment of a person’s weight.

The process of developing a strong attachment between a mother and her baby.

These contractions are mild, irregular (i.e., without a pattern), do not get more intense or more frequent, and do not cause cervical changes. They often go away when the woman walks, rests, or changes position.

When breast cells mutate and become cancerous cells that multiply and form tumors.

A non-invasive imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast.

A breast ultrasound uses sound waves to make images, called sonograms, of areas inside the breast.

A surgical procedure that removes the cancerous tissue from the breast while preserving as much of the breast as possible. It is also known as a lumpectomy.

Position in which a baby's buttocks enter the pelvis first instead of the head.

Position in which the fetal buttocks (or legs) enter the pelvis first.

A short, structured conversation to encourage individuals to change harmful behaviors related to substance use.

Inflammation of the bronchioles.

A chronic lung disease that affects premature infants who required prolonged mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy, leading to lung inflammation and scarring.

A chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who require prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy due to underdeveloped lungs.

The neck is slightly flexed, and the forehead is the presenting part of the fetal head.

A specialized type of fat found in newborns that generates heat to help regulate body temperature, especially in preterm infants who have limited thermal regulation.

Is tested by placing the client in the supine position, and the examiner places one hand behind their head and the other on their chest to prevent them from rising. The examiner then passively flexes the client's neck. If the client's hips and knees automatically flex, the test is considered positive and indicates meningeal irritation.

Glands in the male reproductive system that produce a fluid that helps lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through during ejaculation.

A condition where people have recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; or excessive exercise.

Fluid-filled blister no more than five mm in diameter.

A fungal infection caused by yeast, appearing in newborns' mouths as whitish patches (thrush) or as red, shiny skin in the diaper area. It can also affect breastfeeding mothers.

Includes two or more of the following signs or symptoms conjuntival erythema, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia developing within two hours after cannabis use.

Edema of the scalp that occurs due to pressure exerted on the head during delivery.

A carbohydrate choice is a portion of food that contains 15 grams of carbohydrates.

A client administers insulin based on their carbohydrate intake.

Sugars and starches and are an important energy source that provides 4 kcal/g of energy.

Deep, pus-filled abscess generally formed from multiple furuncles.

The volume of blood pumped through the left ventricle over a specified time, usually expressed as liters per minute. Cardiac output equals stroke volume x heart rate.

A medical device that routes a client’s blood around the heart and lungs and oxygenates it. Cannulas (special large tubes) are placed into the vena cava where oxygen-poor blood from the body moves into the bypass machine and is oxygenated. From the bypass machine, the oxygenated blood is moved through a cannula into the aorta, where it is pushed out to the body.

A person who has taken responsibility for all or part of an individual’s care.

Occurs when the caregiver feels difficulty in performing the family caregiver role.

A person who has the gene for a disorder but does not manifest symptoms of the disorder.

Represents normal and reassuring fetal heart rate patterns that do not require interventions by the nurse or health care provider.

An indeterminate category, meaning it does not clearly indicate a normal or abnormal pattern.

Represents abnormal fetal heart rate patterns associated with an increased risk of fetal acidosis.

A blood test that can be done as early as ten weeks gestation and up until delivery and screens for certain conditions caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes.

A bacterial infection of the skin, including the dermis and subcutaneous layer.

A bluish discoloration of the lips, tongue, and trunk due to inadequate oxygenation in the blood, requiring immediate medical attention.

It refers to a child's tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation, object, or problem while ignoring other relevant features.

The position of the fetus in the womb where the head is positioned to be delivered first during childbirth.

From head to toe.

Swelling caused by an accumulation of blood under the scalp due to rupture of blood vessels during a prolonged, difficult, or assisted birth.

A group of disorders that affects the ability to move and maintain balance and posture.

A health professional who specializes in breastfeeding and in offering human milk to infants.

Excessive earwax.

Excessive earwax.

Caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

A barrier form of contraception made of silicone that is inserted into the vagina and fits over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

Temporarily sewing the cervix closed to prevent preterm birth.

A surgical procedure to remove tissue from the uterus, often performed after miscarriage or abortion.

A surgical procedure to remove tissue from the uterus; often performed after miscarriage or abortion.

A small opening in the middle of the cervix that can be visualized and palpated during physical examination.

The softening and opening of the cervix as it prepares for labor.

The lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects to the vagina and serves as a passage for menstrual blood, sperm, and childbirth.

A surgical procedure to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother's abdomen and uterus.

A surgical procedure performed to deliver a fetus through incisions made in the mother's abdomen and uterus when a vaginal birth poses risks to the mother or fetus or when complications occur during labor.

The bluish discoloration of the vagina and cervix due to the vasocongestion needed to support the growing uterus during pregnancy, typically noticeable around six to eight weeks of gestation.

A noninfectious, inflammatory lesion of either the meibomian or Zeis glands of the eye.

Rhythmic use of vowel sounds are used to keep the throat open and relaxed.

Drug used to manage a client’s behavior.

Proteins that are released by cells of the immune system.

Specific medications are prescribed by physicians to shrink or kill specific types of cancer cells.

An inclusive term that refers to feeding an infant from the chest. It may include lactation for transgender men or transgender women (with prescribed medications) or attaching a tube to their nipple to feed the infant formula, their partner’s human milk, or donated human milk.

The reason why the client is seeking health care in their own words.

The stages a child goes through from birth until adulthood.

A health care professional who provides psychosocial support to children and their families during times of illness or hospitalization.

A common bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, often showing no symptoms. It can lead to serious reproductive complications if left untreated, including PID and infertility.

A liver condition that can occur in late pregnancy that triggers intense itching, but without a rash.

Infection of the amniotic membranes.

Microscopic projections from the outer membrane (chorion) that develop and burrow into endometrial tissue as the placenta is formed.

A prenatal diagnostic test conducted between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy to diagnose fetal chromosomal, metabolic, or DNA abnormalities.

A condition characterized by persistent or recurrent pain in the pelvic area lasting for at least six months.

Small, hair-like protrusions that move debris.

A surgical procedure in which the foreskin, the layer of skin that covers the head of the penis, is removed.

Individuals learn conditioned responses to stimuli.

A slow, deep inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth.

A failure of the lip tissue to join together during development, leading to an opening between the sides of the upper lip; often occurs with cleft palate.

A congenital opening in the roof of the mouth; often occurs with cleft lip.

Refers to an individual, family, or group, including significant others and populations.

The most widely used scale to determine the need for medically supervised withdrawal management.

A widely used scale to assess the need for supervised opioid withdrawal.

Identification of pelvic structure anomalies that determine an increased risk for cesarean delivery.

Erectile tissue that originates from the same fetal cells as the penis and has abundant nerves that are important in sexual sensation and orgasm.

Assessed by dorsiflexing the client’s foot and assessing for rhythmic plantar contractions.

The family does not have access to information about the birth parent(s) nor do birth parents have access to information about the adoptive family or child.

The client inhales deeply and then holds their breath while bearing down and pushing and counting to ten.

The client is instructed to hold their breath and push forcefully for a specified duration during each contraction.

A less severe form of spina bifida, where the spinal cord is malformed but the neural tube remains intact.

A congenital condition where the lower leg and foot turns inward and downward.

A condition also called critical aortic stenosis where there is an abnormal narrowing, or constriction, of the aorta.

A dysfunctional relationship pattern in which impacts a person who is affeted by another person's substance misuse.

A form of psychotherapy that is effective for a range of problems, including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug misuse, marital conflict, eating disorders, and severe mental illness.

Intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem-solving, memory, and language.

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Refer to problems in attention, concentration, and memory.

Another term for sexual intercourse, where the penis is inserted into the vagina.

A surgical procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix using a scalpel. This is often done to diagnose or treat precancerous conditions of the cervix.

Temperature below 36.5°C but above 35.5°C.

Diagnosed when an otherwise healthy baby cries for no apparent reason and they are not easily soothed.

Develops from polyps in the lining of the colon and typically affects people aged 45 years and older.

Similar to a flexible sigmoidoscopy but visualizes the entire large intestine, including the colon, rectum, and anus.

When colors are seen abnormally, also known as color deficiency.

An antibody-rich secretion that helps develop the newborn’s immunity.

A procedure in which a colposcope (a special magnifying device) is used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is often performed after an abnormal Pap test.

Skin lesions that are associated with acne; open comedones are known as blackheads, and closed comedones are known as whiteheads.

The voice is telling them to do something such as hurt themselves or another person.

An infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that develops in a non-hospitalized client.

Pneumonia that is diagnosed in someone in the community (not in a hospital).

A legal term related to the degree of cognitive ability an individual has to make decisions, carry out specific acts, or provide informed consent.

A miscarriage where all pregnancy tissue is expelled from the uterus.

A type of placental abruption where the entire placenta detaches from the uterine wall, posing serious risks to both mother and baby.

Breech presentation in which the fetus presents bottom first with legs crossed.

The ovum is fertilized by a sperm, but the genetic material from the father is lost during conception.

Have enough amino acids to perform necessary bodily functions, such as growth and tissue maintenance.

Larger molecules (called polysaccharides) that break down more slowly, which causes slower release into the bloodstream and a slower increase in blood sugar over a longer period of time.

A noncancerous breast tumor that contains abnormal tissue changes, such as cysts, calcifications, or scar tissue.

Decreased ability to stretch.

Repetitive behaviors that a person with OCD feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought.

A CT scan produces images of the entire colon, and the images are displayed on a computer monitor for the health care provider to analyze.

The moment when a sperm fertilizes an egg, leading to the formation of an embryo.

Diagnosed by a mental health professional when a client shows an ongoing pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or societal norms or rules are violated.

A process impacting newborn thermoregulation which causes heat loss anytime the newborn is placed in direct contact with a cooler surface, such as a scale or cold mattress.

Formerly called Mongolian spots, these are bluish skin discolorations found in newborns, more common in African-American, Native American, and Hispanic infants.

There is a hole in the diaphragm, allowing the organs of the abdomen to move into the newborn’s chest.

Conditions present at birth, often due to genetic or environmental factors, affecting the structure or function of organs.

A structural defect of the heart that is present at birth.

Structural abnormalities in the heart or blood vessels that are present at birth and affect how blood flows through the heart and out to the rest of the body.

Structural problems with the heart that are present at birth.

Structural abnormalities in the heart or blood vessels that are present at birth and affect how blood flows through the heart and out to the rest of the body.

A narrowing of the mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, which is present at birth.

The clear mucous membrane that covers the eye and provides lubrication.

Inflammation of the conjunctiva or outer lining of the eye.

Refers to difficult bowel movements or fewer than three bowel movements in the span of a week.

The client is aware of and acknowledges the risks related to their lifestyle choices and/or behaviors.

The moment when a sperm fertilizes an egg, leading to the formation of an embryo.

The force of contraction of the heart muscle.

Evaluates the response of the fetal heart rate to uterine contractions that are stimulated by the administration of oxytocin.

A process impacting newborn thermoregulation that causes heat loss from moving cool air, such as a fan or draft.

A gurgling, musical vocalization.

Children shift their focus to other children’s actions and work together for a common goal.

Cognitive and behavioral efforts made to master, tolerate, or reduce external and internal demands and conflicts.

Actions or thought processes used to adapt to a stressful or unpleasant situation and/or modify one’s reaction to such a situation.

A temporary structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation and produces progesterone to support early pregnancy.

form after the follicle breaks open and releases the ovum, but the empty follicle sac doesn't shrink

The act of providing sustained firm pressure to the client’s back, hips, sacrum, or other joints.

Refers to pregnancy-related symptoms and behavior in an expectant partner.

Caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, causing a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild respiratory distress to severe pneumonia and organ failure.

A person’s inability to cope or adapt to a stressor, in which their usual coping mechanisms fail.

Resources and interventions to therapeutically assist an individual in crisis to remain safe, as well as ensure the safety of staff, other clients, and visitors.

Inflammation of the trachea, larynx and bronchi, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis.

Dried fluids from a lesion on the surface of the skin.

A cryoprobe inserted into the tumor to freeze and destroy the tumor cells.

A treatment that uses extreme cold to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue. In reproductive health, it can be used to treat precancerous conditions of the cervix.

A condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth.

Providing health care that meets the cultural and religious needs of clients.

Refers to the humble and respectful attitude toward all individuals and requires a commitment by the nurse to provide dignity, respect, and grace to people regardless of origin, race, sexual preference, background, or socioeconomic status.

The creation of safe spaces for clients to interact with health professionals without judgment or discrimination.

Defined as the shared values, norms, symbols, language, objects, and way of life that is passed on from one generation to the next.

Congenital heart defects that result in reduced oxygenation of blood, causing a bluish tint to the skin (cyanosis).

Heart defects that involve right to left shunting of blood through the heart, thus bypassing the lungs and resulting in low oxygen blood being pumped throughout the body.

Description of domestic violence which consists of a calm phase, a tension-building phase, an altercation, and a reconciliation phase.

Breast pain associated with the menstrual cycle that begins around the time of ovulation and resolves with menstruation.

Encapsulated sac filled with fluid, semi-solid matter, or gas, typically located just below the upper layers of skin.

A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to the production of thick mucus that can cause severe respiratory and digestive problems.

A genetic disease that causes a faulty CFTR protein that affects the body’s cells, tissues, and glands that make mucus and sweat.

A condition where the bladder bulges into the vagina, often due to weakened pelvic muscles, which can lead to urinary incontinence.

A protein that is released by cells of the immune system; acts as a chemical messenger.

A virus in the herpes family of viruses; has a wide range of symptoms leading from asymptomatic to death.

Injecting a contrast dye into the lacrimal system and then using imaging to find the area of obstruction.

An obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.

Intermittent decreases in the FHR below baseline, classified as early, late, variable, and prolonged.

Role is influenced by the family’s cultural and religious beliefs regarding who makes decisions and heads the household.

The gradual lessening of the contraction.

The process of expanding the abdomen on inhalation and then exhaling and relaxing the abdomen.

Reaction patterns that are used by individuals to protect themselves from anxiety that arises from stress and conflict.

Waiting 30 to 60 seconds to clamp the umbilical cord.

A temporary mental state in which the client becomes confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly.

A rapid-onset, fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition that is sometimes associated with hallucinations.

Set up that contains sterile drapes, bulb syringe, cord clamp, sponges, syringe for local anesthesia, delivery equipment, and instruments to complete repairs to the perineum if necessary.

Fixed, false beliefs that persist in spite of evidence to the contrary and can vary in their type.

Inflammation of the skin.

A type of fungi that requires the keratin present in hair, nails, and skin to survive.

The layer of skin underneath the epidermis.

A handheld microscope used for visualizing the skin.

Peeling of the skin.

Changes that occur as an individual matures across their life span.

Impairments in physical, language, learning, or behavioral areas that can affect a child’s daily functioning and persist throughout their lifetime.

Refers to several hip abnormalities, including neonatal instability, acetabular or femoral dysplasia, and hip subluxation.

Parental account of their experiences as children.

A type of mammogram used to investigate suspicious breast changes, such as a lump, pain, or unusual appearance on a screening mammogram.

A type of cognitive behavioral therapy that provides clients with new skills to manage painful emotions and decrease conflict in relationships. It has been used successfully to treat people experiencing depression, bulimia, binge-eating, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and substance abuse.

Also known as diaper rash; an inflammation of the skin in the diaper area.

Excess sweating.

A shallow, dome-shaped barrier method made of silicone or latex that covers the cervix to block sperm from entering the uterus. Used with spermicide for increased effectiveness.

Caused by increased water content of stools, leading to three or more unformed or watery bowel movements per day.

Caused by a weakening between the two rectus abdominis muscles.

The muscles in the midline of the abdomen stretch to the point of separation.

An acronym used to assess uterine contractions and refers to Duration, Intensity and Frequency.

A procedure of providing an initial loading dose of digoxin over 24 hours to rapidly raise serum digoxin levels.

A condition caused by excessive levels of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

The gradual opening of the cervix, measured in centimeters (cm), from 0 to 10 cm.

A condition in which there are fewer eggs remaining in the ovaries than expected for a given age. It may occur due to congenital (condition present at birth), medical, surgical, or unexplained causes.

A preventable illness that is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheria.

A tool used to train children to follow rules.

Specific, population-based and individual-based interventions for minimizing the burden of disease and reduce associated risk factors, also referred to as primary and secondary prevention.

The removal of hard/dry stool from the colon.

A condition in which newborns exhibit difficulty with feeding, often due to neurological or sensory issues, leading to inconsistent sucking and swallowing.

A rare and potentially fatal condition that can occur during pregnancy and the four stages of labor affecting the coagulation cascade with the release of all clotting and anticlotting factors leading to massive hemorrhage and organ failure.

Attention is too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant stimuli.

Increased urine output.

Three areas of learning, including cognitive (“thinking”), affective (“feeling”), and psychomotor (“doing.”)

The process of placing a child born in the United States with an adoptive family who are also citizens of the United States.

Abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship with a current or former spouse or dating partner. Also referred to as initimate partner violence.

A handheld device that uses ultrasonic waves to detect FHR.

Initial improvement of sinusitis symptoms, followed by subsequent worsening of sinusitis symptoms.

Lay people who are trained to provide emotional, physical, and social support during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum.

A genetic condition that affects brain and body development due to an extra chromosome number 21.

A chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 that can cause physical abnormalities and intellectual disabilities of the newborn.

A severe form of muscular dystrophy that leads to progressive muscle breakdown and weakness.

Dye is injected into the leaking duct and an X-ray is taken to determine if a papilloma is present and causing the nipple discharge.

A shunt within the pulmonary artery which diverts blood into the aorta.

A shunt that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the right atrium of the heart in a fetus, bypassing the liver.

An innovative, community-based program addressing intimate partner violence that encourages law enforcement, family law, and social work agencies to work together to reduce violence against women and rehabilitate perpetrators of domestic violence.

Refers to the time from the beginning to the end of one contraction.

Abnormal uterine bleeding not associated with a physical condition such as pregnancy, infection, or cancer. It is often due to hormonal imbalances.

Uncontrolled, involuntary movement.

A condition seen in postterm infants characterized by chronic intrauterine malnutrition, leading to thin, peeling skin, meconium staining, and decreased subcutaneous fat.

Painful menstruation that can be caused by underlying conditions like endometriosis or uterine fibroids.

Pain during sexual intercourse, which can have physical or psychological causes.

Heartburn.

Insufficient uterine contractions.

Involuntary contractions of muscles of the extremities, face, neck, abdomen, pelvis, or larynx in sustained or intermittent patterns that lead to abnormal movements or postures.

Spans ages three to five.

A gradual, uniform decrease in FHR that returns to baseline and mirrors the uterine contraction.

Pregnancy loss occurring before 12 weeks gestation.

No SUD criteria have been met for three months (or 12 months).

Sepsis occurring within the first 72 hours of life, usually acquired from the mother during birth.

Distorted view of weight, body image, and unhealthy relationship with food.

Repeating words and phrases spoken by others.

A severe progression of preeclampsia involving seizures during pregnancy or postpartum, posing serious risks to both mother and baby.

A subset of bullous impetigo that affects the deeper layers of skin.

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants and begins to grow outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. This is a medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not treated.

The gradual thinning and shortening of the cervix and is measured from 0 percent to 100 percent.

Light stroking massage using the tips of the fingers in slow, long strokes on the client’s abdomen in rhythm with contractions.

An element of psychosexual development which develops through interaction with others, seeks satisfaction via practical strategies.

The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else's perspective.

Increased resonance of voice sounds that can be heard when listening to the client’s chest.

The release of semen from the penis, typically during orgasm.

Percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

An intentional act or failure to act (neglect) that causes or creates a risk of harm to an adult age 60 or older.

The voluntary termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons.

A safe and effective medical treatment used for clients with severe major depression or other severe mental illnesses who have not responded to medications, psychotherapy, or other treatments.

A tracing of brain activity.

An early stage of development in multicellular organisms. In humans, it refers to the first eight weeks after conception.

The period in prenatal development that lasts from fertilization to the end of the eighth week, during which the major organs and structures begin to form.

Individuals admitted when they are deemed likely to harm themselves or others.

Strategies used to manage one’s emotional response to stressors, such as participating in mindfulness, meditation, or yoga; using humor and jokes; seeking spiritual or religious pursuits; engaging in physical activity or breathing exercises; and seeking social support.

Harm to a child’s psychological or intellectual functioning, which is exhibited by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or aggression.

Where a parent ignores or denies a child’s emotions, hinders emotional development.

The process of noticing, managing, and responding to one’s emotions.

Controlling one’s emotions.

Where the parent’s face and infant’s face are approximately eight inches apart.

Codependent person assists the client with SUD more than they should.

A neural tube defect where brain tissue protrudes through an opening in the skull.

A medical procedure used to destroy the lining of the uterus (endometrium) to reduce or stop heavy menstrual bleeding.

A procedure in which a provider obtains a tissue sample of the lining of the uterus to assess for overgrowth of the endometrium.

A type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is the most common type of uterine cancer, often detected early due to abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Also known as uterine polyps, are overgrowths of endometrial glands that form a projection from the inner lining of the uterus.

A procedure in which a health care provider removes a small amount of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) using a brush, curette, or thin tube inserted through the cervix. The sample is then examined for signs of disease.

When the endometriosis tissue attaches to the ovary and forms a growth.

A chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs. This can cause pain, inflammation, and infertility.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), often caused by infection. It can occur after childbirth, miscarriage.

The inner lining of the uterus that thickens during the menstrual cycle to prepare for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, it is shed during menstruation.

A flexible tube inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose to provide mechanical ventilation and airway support in critically ill neonates.

The widest part of the fetal presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet and is at the level of the maternal ischial spines.

Breasts fill with milk and become firm.

Intense interest and absorption in the newborn.

Aspects of a client’s surroundings that may increase mental or emotional strain, induce the stress response, and possibly impact their health care.

Outermost layer if the skin.

A long, coiled tube located behind each testicle, where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.

Inflammation of the epididymis, the tube that stores and carries sperm.

A local anesthetic and an opioid are continuously infused through a catheter placed into the epidural space around the spinal nerves to block pain.

Inflammation of the epiglottis.

Excessive eye watering.

Performed by the health care provider during the second stage of labor to quickly facilitate vaginal delivery or to prevent large, irregular tears of the vaginal wall.

A congenital abnormality in which the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis instead of at the tip.

A nosebleed.

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.

Also known as fifth disease; a common viral illness caused by parvovirus B19.

A round, red rash associated with lyme disease that occurs at the site of the tick bite; at times the rash can look like a bullseye.

A common newborn rash characterized by small flesh-colored papules, often appearing on the face and trunk in the first days after birth, typically resolving within a week.

A congenital condition where the esophagus is malformed, often leading to feeding and swallowing difficulties.

Nutrients that are necessary for bodily functions but must come from dietary intake because the body is unable to synthesize them.

A calculation that estimates when a baby will be born.

A group of hormones primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Principles are used to define right from wrong action.

A tiny, thin rod about the size of a matchstick that is inserted into a woman’s arm by a health care provider.

A process impacting newborn thermoregulation which causes heat loss as amniotic fluid or other fluids dry on the newborn’s skin.

Feeding an infant only breast milk, without any additional food or drink, which can delay the return of fertility in some women for up to six months after childbirth.

Peeling of the skin.

Spending time in the very situation that triggers compulsions (for example, touching dirty objects) but then being prevented from undertaking the usual resulting compulsion (handwashing).

Focuses on confronting the fears underlying an anxiety disorder by physically exposing the client to specifically feared objects or situations to help them engage in activities they have been avoiding.

The fetus is manipulated through the external abdominal wall in an attempt to move it into a cephalic presentation.

Anon-invasive method used during labor to continuously monitor the well-being of the fetus and the progress of uterine contractions.

A life-support technique that provides oxygenation and circulatory support for critically ill neonates with severe respiratory or cardiac failure.

Involuntary and uncontrolled muscle movements.

Presentation in which the neck is fully extended.

Defined as lack of change in the fetal station for at least two hours.

The inability to gain weight appropriately or persistent weight loss.

Twisting of the fallopian tubes resulting in severe pain and possible necrosis.

Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, through which an egg travels during ovulation. Fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occurs here.

Defined as a group of two or more people (one of whom is the householder).

Provide regular care or assistance to a family member who has a chronic illness or disability.

Refers to many characteristics of a family, such as roles and relationships, communication patterns, and various factors that shape family members' interactions.

Failure of the family to accomplish the intended family functions of economic support, emotional support, socialization, control of sexuality and reproduction, and ascribed status.

Refers to tasks that support and sustain family members.

A term used to describe the family in which a person grew up as a child.

The family that adults form through a relationship.

Recurrent patterns of behavior by which family members fulfill family functions and needs.

A client-centered approach to health care that emphasizes the involvement and collaboration of families in the care and decision-making process.

Absorbed with fats in the diet and include vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Consist of fatty acids and glycerol and are essential for tissue growth, insulation, energy, energy storage, and hormone production.

A generalized seizure that occurs in pediatric clients between the ages of six months to five years old who have a fever of 100.4 ℉ or greater. The seizure is not associated with an infection of the central nervous system and the client does not have a history of a seizure disorder or other medical condition that can cause seizures.

Test uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool.

Refers to a sociocultural practice in many African, Middle East, and Asian cultures that performs partial or complete removal of female external genitalia in those assigned female at birth.

Refers to the microscopic crystalline appearance seen in cervical mucus or amniotic fluid when it is allowed to dry on a glass slide.

Techniques to track a woman’s menstrual cycle and identify fertile days to avoid or achieve pregnancy. These methods include monitoring basal body temperature, cervical mucus, and cycle length.

The process where a sperm cell penetrates and merges with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

A range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities in a child caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Evaluating the fetal heart rate (FHR) in response to uterine contractions (UC) by using intermittent monitoring or continuous electronic fetal monitoring.

Refers to the presence of extension of the fetal head and neck.

FHR baseline less than 110 beats for ten minutes.

When the fetus is not receiving sufficient oxygenation during labor.

A problem of the passenger, meaning that the fetus is unable to descend through the maternal pelvis for birth.

The average beats per minute in a 10-minute segment, excluding periodic changes or marked variability.

A measure of the rhythm and rate of a fetus’s heart.

Relationship of the fetal spine to the mother’s spine.

A noninvasive test to assess fetal well-being. It provides a graphic of the fetal heart pattern in relation to fetal movements and can be performed starting at 28 weeks’ gestation.

Refers to the relationship of the presenting fetal part to the mother’s pelvic anatomic landmarks.

The fetal part present in the lower part of the uterus.

Affixes to the scalp of the fetus and monitors the fetal heart rate.

An alternate pathway for blood flow in fetal circulation that closes with the infant’s first breaths or within the first weeks after birth as pressure gradients in the circulatory and respiratory system change.

Refers to the level of the fetal presenting part in relation to the maternal ischial spines.

A sustained FHR baseline greater than 160 bpm for ten minutes.

Similar to a stethoscope but uses bone conduction to better detect FHR.

A diagnostic test which involves the insertion of a thin fiber-optic tube called a fetoscope into the uterus through a small incision in the abdomen of the pregnant client in order to treat congenital disorders.

The term for a developing human from the ninth week of pregnancy until birth.

Refers to the beat-to-beat fluctuations in the FHR baseline caused by stimulation of the fetal sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Painless, solid, noncancerous tumors found in breast tissue.

A common, non-cancerous condition that causes breast tissue to swell, become lumpy, or feel tender.

A condition characterized by lumpy or rope-like breast tissue, often accompanied by discomfort or tenderness, usually related to hormonal changes.

A benign, solid tumor that develops from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus, also called a leioma.

Finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes that help guide the egg from the ovary into the tube during ovulation.

The illegal, unauthorized, or improper use of money, benefits, belongings, property, or assets for the benefit of someone other than the individual.

Small muscle movements of  the hands, fingers, toes, and eyes, enabling actions such as grasping and picking up objects or coordinating eye movements.

Limited to the perineal skin and vaginal mucous membrane.

The interval between the onset of labor and 10 centimeters (cm) cervical dilation.

0 to 13 weeks and six days of gestation.

A laceration of the labia and perineum affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

An abnormal connection between two body parts, such as between the rectum and vagina or the bladder and vagina, often resulting from injury, surgery, or infection.

Reliving the trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating.

A flexible tube is inserted into the rectum and the lower third of the colon.

Where client jumps from talking about one topic to another.

The client centers their attention on a picture or an object in the room and concentrates on breathing through the contraction.

Forms when the follicle doesn't break open to release the ovum and continues to grow into a cyst.

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males.

Small sacs in the ovaries that contain a developing egg. Each month, one follicle matures and releases an egg during ovulation.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle, during which the follicles in the ovaries grow and prepare for ovulation.

An infection of the hair follicle, usually due to bacterial infection.

Inanimate objects that can spread disease to others when they are contaminated with an infectious organism.

Soft spots in a baby's skull that allow the brain and skull to grow during the first year of life.

Refers to limited or uncertain access to nutritious foods because of social or economic factors.

Also called a food diary, allows the client to record their intake in real-time over a specific period of time.

Breech position in which the fetus presents one leg first.

A shunt that connects the right atria to the left atria and avoids the pulmonary system altogether.

Released at the beginning of the breastfeeding session and is high in water and protein content but low in fat.

The fold of skin that covers the glans of the penis, which can be removed during circumcision.

Tone, Trauma, Tissue, and Thrombin

Areas of the third degree with extension through the rectal mucosa into the lumen of the rectum.

A laceration which includes damage to the pelvic floor and surrounding anal and rectal mucosa.

A genetic condition that causes intellectual disabilities, behavioral challenges, and physical characteristics due to a mutation in the FMR1 gene.

Breech position in which the fetus presents bottom first with legs straight up toward head.

Changes in vibration intensity when certain words are spoken while the chest is being palpated by the examiner.

The time from the start of one contraction to the start of the next contraction.

There is direct contact among the birth parents, adoptive parents, and the child.

Also called lazy eye, is caused by imbalanced eye muscles and occurs when one eye is not used as much as the other eye.

Constipation that is not caused by an underlying disease process.

A condition caused by excessive exercise, weight loss, stress, or often a combination of these factors.

The measurement from the symphysis pubis to the top of the uterus (fundus) is palpated.

Involves applying firm pressure to the fundus to induce a uterine contraction and to stop the blood from pumping out of the spiral arteries. The goal is to cause the uterus to contract into the size of a small, hard ball.

The uppermost part of the uterus.

Pus-filled abscess due to infection of a hair follicle.

Milk production not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding.

An abnormal heart sound that resembles the cadence of a galloping horse. It occurs when extra heart sounds (S3 and/or S4) are present in addition to the normal "lub-dub" sounds (S1 and S2).

A condition in which gambling becomes an addiction and interferes with a person's daily life.

Large clusters of nerve cells.

A birth defect where the intestines protrude outside the body through an opening in the abdominal wall.

Theory exploring that pain perception is a dynamic process influenced by physical, psychological, and sociological factors and that a mechanism in the dorsal horn of the spinal column serves as a “gate” that either allows or prevents pain signals from reaching the brain.

Distress or discomfort that occurs when an individual’s gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth.

The external presentation of one's gender identity, which can include behavior, clothing, haircut, voice, and other forms of presentation.

An individual's personal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex they were assigned at birth.

Societal norms and expectations regarding behaviors, activities, and attributes considered appropriate for men and women.

Induces a loss of feeling and complete loss of awareness which feels like a very deep sleep.

Extreme anxiety or worry about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).

A disorder caused by abnormalities in the DNA, either inherited or occurring spontaneously.

Includes information on the pregnant client, the biological father or sperm donor of the fetus, and their respective families.

An STI caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that is characterized by blisters in the genital area.

Also called surrogate mother, a woman impregnated through in vitro fertilization and delivers a child for a couple or individual.

A condition causing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia during pregnancy.

A form of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that can affect both maternal and fetal health.

High blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy without signs of preeclampsia.

A process where a woman, called a surrogate or gestational carrier, carries and gives birth to a baby for another person or couple, called the intended parents.

A general term for rare tumors that can develop during pregnancy when trophoblast cells, which normally support the fertilized egg, grow abnormally and form a tumor instead of a fetus.

The rounded, sensitive tip of the penis.

A measure of how quickly glucose levels increase in the bloodstream after carbohydrates are consumed.

Toxins which can reduce the ability of the testes to make healthy, motile sperm cells.

The components of the reproductive system that produce gametes.

A severe eye infection in newborns caused by exposure to the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae during childbirth.

A bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It affects the genital tract, rectum, and throat. Symptoms may include painful urination and discharge, though some people have no symptoms.

Indicates that the incision edges are aligning well.

The infant’s chest being against the mother’s chest, the infant’s head being straight and not turned to the side, the infant’s mouth being wide prior to latching, and the areola, not just the nipple, in the infant’s mouth.

Softening of the cervix and vagina and the increase in vaginal mucus discharge during pregnancy, typically noticeable around six to eight weeks of gestation.

At least five previous births at a gestational age of at least 20 weeks.

Refer to a state of false attribution to the self of great ability, knowledge, importance or worth, identity, prestige, power, or accomplishment.

The total number of times the client has been pregnant (including the current pregnancy), regardless of the outcome or number of fetuses.

Large muscle movements of the arms, legs, head, and torso, enabling actions such as walking, running, or maintaining head control.

One of the leading causes of serious illnesses like meningitis and bacteremia in newborns. It is passed to newborns during birth through the birthing canal.

A group of five to 15 individuals led by a trained mental health professional who meet weekly for an hour or two.

An increase in  size, such as in height, weight, or head circumference.

Graphs that display expected height, weight, and head circumference by age and sex, using percentile lines.

Test uses a chemical called guaiac to detect blood in the stool.

Uses the mind-body connection to focus the client’s awareness on a positive safe place using all of their senses.

A circular inlet that is considered most favorable for vaginal delivery.

Provides information that may place the pregnancy at risk and includes whether the pregnant client has ever been diagnosed with a reproductive cancer, breast disorder, menstrual disorder, or sexually transmitted infection.

Increased breast gland tissue in males associated with a drop in  testosterone levels compared to estrogen.

Sensing things that don’t exist in reality.

A viral illness that commonly affects pediatric clients under seven years of age.

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Clients, persons, families, groups, communities, or populations who are the focus of the nurse’s attention.

Avoidable differences in health status seen within and between communities.

The degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.

The process of empowering people to control factors that impact their health and increase their healthy behaviors.

Health assessment that is conducted with the goal of detecting health issues early and implementing treatment for optimal outcomes.

Pneumonia that is diagnosed in someone during or following a stay in a health care setting.

Lifestyle choices to reduce risk of disease and lower mortality.

An initiative launched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with the aim of raising awareness about pregnancy-related complications and promoting timely recognition and response to warning signs during and after pregnancy.

A routine test performed on newborns to detect potential hearing loss. It involves methods like the Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) or Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE). Early identification helps in reducing developmental delays associated with hearing impairments.

A cardiac disorder that occurs when the heart cannot effectively pump enough blood to supply the body with sufficient oxygen-rich blood.

Saturates a peripad pad in one hour or includes clots larger than a golf ball of lochia.

Bleeding that soaks through one more pads or tampons every hour for several hours in a row, has clots the size of a quarter or larger, lasts more than seven days, and requires changing pads or tampons during the night.

The softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment during pregnancy.

A complication associated with preeclampsia that can cause life-threatening bleeding issues during labor and postpartum evidenced by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.

An mnemonic describing the steps to manage shoulder dystocia: Help, Evaluate for episiotomy, Legs (McRoberts), Pressure (suprapubic), Enter maneuvers, Remove the posterior arm, and Roll the patient.

Benign vascular tumors that appear as raised, red marks on the skin. They may grow in the first months of life but typically shrink and disappear by age 10.

A group of disorders affecting the hemoglobin in red blood cells, such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia.

A rare genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly.

Bloody sputum.

The virus that causes oral and genital herpes.

The process of expanding the chest while inhaling and then letting the chest fall when exhaling.

A term used to describe more severe abnormalities in cervical cells that are more likely to progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.

Exhibit resiliency, the ability of its members to cope with adversity and recover emotionally from stressful or traumatic events.

An infant who is born prematurely or with a health condition that increases their risk of developmental and health problems.

A pregnancy that involves increased health risks for the mother, fetus, or both due to preexisting conditions, pregnancy-related complications, or lifestyle factors.

Released later in the breastfeeding session and is high in fat and calories.

When the hip socket doesn't fully cover the ball of the femur, which can cause the hip joint to partially or completely dislocate.

A condition in which women develop excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, and back. It is often caused by elevated androgen levels, as seen in conditions like PCOS.

An approach to wellness that recognizes the interconnectedness of the physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, cultural, and environmental components of health.

A bacterial infection involving the upper or lower eyelid; also known as a stye.

Special medications are used to block cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow.

A medical treatment where a person takes medication containing hormones to replace those that their body no longer produces in sufficient amounts.

An infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that is acquired during hospitalization.

A test used to detect the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cells. It is often done in conjunction with a Pap smear to screen for cervical cancer.

A hormone produced during pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum and is the basis for most pregnancy tests.

A virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells), leading to a weakened immune system. Without treatment, it can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

A group of viruses that can cause genital warts and are linked to cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, and throat. Some strains of HPV can be prevented with vaccines.

A rare, abnormal growth that occurs in the uterus during pregnancy, also called a molar pregnancy.

An opening permits passage of fluid into the scrotum.

A congenital condition caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that puts pressure on the brain.

A condition where the fallopian tube becomes filled and blocked with fluid.

Using water to provide pain relief during labor.

Often referred to as jaundice, a common complication in the newborn period.

An elevated level of carbon dioxide in the blood.

An increase in the ability of the blood to coagulate.

A severe episode of hypoxia that typically occurs in clients with Tetralogy of Fallot, also known as a “Tet Spell.” During these episodes, there is a significant decrease in blood flow moving to the lungs due to a sudden increase in shunting of blood from the right side to left side of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is pumped out to the body, resulting in signs and symptoms of severe hypoxia.

Severe vomiting during pregnancy.

This type of anovulation is associated with the natural aging process, as well as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), defined as ovarian failure before the age of 40.

Prolonged menstrual bleeding.

A disorder of the eye in which up close objects are blurry; also known as farsightedness.

Elevated serum prolactin levels lead to suppression of GnRH from the hypothalamus; low LH, which causes anovulation and amenorrhea; and poor progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.

Sleeping excessively.

High blood pressure occurring during pregnancy, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, which can pose risks to both mother and baby.

Temperature above 37.5°C.

Temperature above 37.5°C/99.5°F.

Being on the alert for danger.

Works by inhibiting neuronal communication between the sensory cortex, amygdala, and limbic system and decreasing the conduction of pain sensations.

The layer of skin underneath the dermis also referred to as subcutaneous tissue.

A blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL.

Low blood sugar levels in pregnant individuals, which can pose risks to both mother and baby.

Decreased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) suppresses the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland, causing low estrogen, poor follicular growth, and anovulation.

Similar symptoms to a manic episode but are less severe and do not cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning or require hospitalization.

A congenital heart defect characterized by underdevelopment of the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle, left atrium, mitral valve, and aortic valve.

Urethral placement on the underside of the penis rather than the tip.

Temperature below 36.5°C/97.7°F.

A decrease in tone.

A life-threatening condition caused by severe blood or fluid loss, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues and organs.

A surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus. It can be performed for various medical conditions, including fibroids, endometriosis, or cancer. Once performed, menstruation stops, and pregnancy is no longer possible.

A procedure that examines the inside of the uterus and cervix using a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope.

The individual's biological, instinctual, unconscious drive that is involved in seeking pleasure and gratification.

Misperceptions of real stimuli.

When hemorrhage occurs during the third stage of labor or the first hour after birth.

A term often used interchangeably with inevitable abortion.

A contagious condition in which there is an infection in the outermost layers of the skin.

The process by which a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus, where it will continue to develop into an embryo.

A negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, about specific social group(s).

Latch which results in painful, cracked nipples; nipples shaped irregularly after nursing; pain during breastfeeding; and a feeling of lack of emptying of the breast.

Treating everyone fairly and equally.

A miscarriage where some pregnancy tissue remains in the uterus, often requiring medical intervention.

Do not contain enough amino acids to sustain life.

The buildup of the contraction.

The medical or surgical termination of a pregnancy.

A situation where miscarriage is unavoidable due to significant cervical dilation or membrane rupture.

The death of an infant before their first birthday.

A young child in the early stages of life, typically defined as being between birth and 12 months of age.

Commonly referred to as "mono", a viral infection generally caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

The inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse or six months for women over 35 years old, or the inability to carry a pregnancy to live birth.

Commonly known as the flu, is caused by influenza viruses that primarily infect the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue.

Occurs when an opening allows the bowel to extend into the scrotum.

A surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles through an incision in the groin.

Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

Patterns which do not cause cervical dilation, effacement, or fetal descent.

A series of tests performed during pregnancy to estimate the risk of a fetus having certain birth defects, such as Down syndrome, spina bifida, and trisomy 18.

Refers to the strength or force of uterine contractions during labor including classifications of mild, moderate, and strong.

Refers to a technique of listening to and counting the fetal heart rate for a specific amount of time during specified intervals throughout labor to assess fetal well-being.

Also known as female condoms, these are inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy and protect against STIs by acting as a barrier to sperm.

An invasive method used during labor to continuously and accurately monitor the fetus's heart rate and uterine contractions.

The time between the birth of one child and the conception of the subsequent pregnancy.

Healthcare team members from various disciplines that work together to perform client care. This includes, but is not limited to, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, dieticians and case managers.

Refers to the time of uterine relaxation between contractions.

Refers to the social, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and physical trust that is mutually shared among family members that makes them feel loved and secure.

Abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship with a current or former spouse or dating partner. Also referred to an domestic violence.

A benign tumor that grows inside the milk ducts of the breasts.

A tiny plastic device shaped like a “T” that is placed in a woman’s uterus.

Small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs can be hormonal or non-hormonal (copper) and provide long-term contraception.

Stillbirth commonly caused by fetal hypoxia.

When the estimated weight of the fetus is less than the 10th percentile for gestational age.

Also called artificial insemination, is a procedure where specially prepared sperm are inserted into the woman’s uterus by the health care provider.

Placed inside the uterus and measures the duration, intensity, and frequency of uterine contractions, as well as the resting tone of the uterus.

Interventions to help restore fetal blood flow and oxygenation.

Bleeding into the brain’s ventricular system, commonly seen in preterm infants due to fragile blood vessels, potentially leading to neurological complications.

Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates.

The uterus turning inside out and protruding through the vagina.

Admission to a mental health facility or unit for care that is necessary to prevent harm to the client or others even though the individual does not desire care.

Shrinkage.

Unpredictable menstrual bleeding that occurs more frequently, less frequently, or at irregular intervals. It may be a symptom of hormonal changes, medical conditions, or side effects of certain medications.

Occurs when bilirubin builds up faster in the blood than the liver can conjugate it for excretion from the body.

The most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting pediatric clients; its cause is unknown.

Pelvic floor muscle exercises.

Is tested by placing the client in the supine position with their hips flexed to 90°, and the examiner extends their knee. If the client experiences pain or resists extending their knee, the test is positive and indicate meningeal irritation.

Fetal movements assessed by the mother.

White raised bumps on the inside of the mouth.

The outer folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, providing protection to the internal reproductive organs.

The inner folds of skin located just inside the labia majora, which help protect the vaginal and urethral openings.

The body’s natural process of childbirth.

The process of stimulating the uterus to increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions after the onset of spontaneous labor contractions.

If the client can no longer continue pushing.

Stimulation of uterine contractions prior to the spontaneous onset of labor.

The inability to perceive changes in one’s own feelings, behavior, or personality.

The production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands, typically following childbirth.

A healthcare professional who specializes in providing support and guidance to breastfeeding mothers.

A natural contraceptive method based on exclusive breastfeeding, which temporarily suppresses ovulation and fertility due to the hormonal effects of lactation.

Tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple during breastfeeding.

A vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.

A vegetarian diet that includes dairy products.

The physiologic process of developing the means to secrete milk.

Occurs when the body lacks an enzyme called lactase that breaks down lactose, the type of sugar in milk.

Growth of fine hair all over the body.

A minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a thin, lighted tube (laparoscope) is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen to examine the pelvic organs. It can be used for both diagnosis and treatment.

A surgical procedure in which a large incision is made in the abdomen to gain access to the abdominal and pelvic organs. It is often performed to diagnose or treat various medical conditions, including cancers.

A term used to describe infants whose birth weight is above the 90th percentile for their gestational age, indicating excessive fetal growth.

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi; also known as croup.

A procedure that uses a laser (a narrow beam of intense light) to destroy abnormal tissue. It is used in various treatments, including for abnormal cervical tissue, and typically requires general anesthesia when performed in a hospital setting.

The first day of a woman's most recent menstrual cycle, often used to calculate gestational age in pregnancy.

How a baby attaches their mouth to a mother's breast during breastfeeding, the way they "clamp on" to the nipple and areola to extract milk.

The FHR decreases immediately after a uterine contraction.

Decelerations in the FHR below the baseline that start during a uterine contraction and continue after completion of the contraction.

Excessive bleeding occurring more than 24 hours and up to twelve weeks postpartum.

PPH that occurs after 24 hours following delivery of the placenta and up to 12 weeks postpartum.

Sepsis developing between 72 hours and 28 days of life, often due to environmental or hospital-acquired infections.

The first stage of labor begins with uterine contractions lasting 30-45 seconds that occur every five to ten minutes.

Characterized by gradual cervical dilation that starts on perception of regular uterine contractions and ends when rapid cervical change initiates.

The acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes, or skills.

Visual, auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic methods of learning that are preferred by a specific learner.

Position in which the fetal chin is facing the mother's abdomen slightly to the left.

Position in which the fetal chin is facing the mother’s spine, slightly to the left.

Position in which the occiput slightly facing the mother’s left side.

Position in which the back of the fetal head slightly faces left.

Occurs when the left side of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body resulting in in a buildup of fluid in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

A set of four steps (maneuvers) performed by the nurse when palpating the pregnant client’s abdomen to assess the position, presentation, and engagement of a fetus in the third trimester of pregnancy.

A reflex caused by oxytocin release that contracts the alveoli and ejects milk from the breast.

Begins several weeks after delivery as the client establishes a new parental role identity and focuses on the family unit. During this phase, the client accepts physical separation from the infant, lets go of their former role as a childless person, accepts the responsibilities of parenthood, and adjusts to the infant's dependency and helplessness.

An inclusive acronym that stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and other sexual orientations and gender identities.

Sexual drive or desire, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Refers to the fetal head dropping into the maternal pelvis, also known as engagement of the fetal head.

A vertical line of increased pigmentation, which starts at the pubic hair line, passes through the umbilicus, and goes up to the xiphoid process.

The understanding of language, encompassing reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

Induces a loss of feeling in a small area of the body.

Maternal postpartum vaginal discharge.

The final type of postpartum lochia and is yellow-white and consists of white blood cells, epithelial cells, and mucus. It occurs from approximately postpartum days 10 to 28.

Occurs during the first one to three days postpartum and originates from the placental site. It is bright to dark red and consists of blood, cervical discharge, and uterine lining.

Lochia from postpartum days 4 to 10 which changes to pinkish-brown and consists of white blood cells, cervical mucus, and discharge from the healing placental site.

Spasms affecting the neck and jaw that make it hard to swallow or open the mouth.

Refers to the fetal spine lining up vertically with the mother’s spine with the fetal head down in the maternal pelvis.

A procedure that uses a thin wire loop charged with an electric current to remove abnormal tissue from the cervix. It is commonly used to treat precancerous changes in the cervix.

Inward curvature of the lumbar spine.

The most common type of cesarean incision that is made horizontally just above the pubic hairline. It is considered to be cosmetically favorable and generally associated with less pain and a lower risk of complications.

A term used to describe mild abnormalities in the cells on the surface of the cervix, often caused by HPV infection.

Refers to families who do not effectively meet the needs of their family members.

A surgical procedure to remove a breast tumor and some of the surrounding tissue.

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males.

An infectious tick-borne illness, most commonly caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi.

A surgical procedure in which lymph nodes are removed from an area, such as the pelvis, and examined for signs of metastatic cancer. This is often done to stage certain cancers, such as ovarian or endometrial cancer.

The surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes, often performed as part of cancer treatment or staging to determine if cancer has spread to the lymphatic system.

A type of mineral that is needed in larger amounts and are typically measured in milligrams, grams, or milliequivalents.

Make up most of a person’s diet and provide energy, as well as essential nutrient intake including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

A condition where a newborn is significantly larger than average, typically weighing more than 8 pounds 13 ounces (4,000 grams).

Smooth spots of discoloration on the skin.

A rash that is made up of macules and papules.

The belief that thoughts, feelings, or rituals can influence events in the material world.

A condition caused by excessive magnesium levels, often resulting from treatment for preeclampsia, which can cause respiratory depression and other complications.

Exhibit total abstinence from the changed behavior and also have the ability to avoid temptations to return to the previous behavior.

An ineffective response to stressors, such as avoidance of the stressful condition, withdrawal from a stressful environment, disengagement from stressful relationships, aggression, or misuse of alcohol or other substances.

A general feeling of illness, weakness, or discomfort.

A radiographic image of breast tissue that can detect signs of cancer, often before a lump is felt.

An X-ray procedure that uses low doses of radiation to examine the breast for cancer and other diseases.

Required by law to report suspected abuse or neglect of children, adults at risk, and the elderly seen during the course of their professional duties.

A mental disorder that causes a person to experience a period of abnormally elevated energy, arousal, and affect.

A persistently elevated or irritable mood with abnormally increased activity or energy present most of the day lasting at least one week.

The fetal heart rate varies significantly from beat to beat with frequent fluctuations in the fetal heart rate greater than 25 bpm.

A physical manipulation of tissue that can be provided in different ways, depending upon the preference of the laboring client.

Breast pain that can be cyclical or noncyclical.

Inflammation of breast tissue, often due to infection, commonly occurring during breastfeeding.

Death while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Theory by Ramona Mercer which suggests that early skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and minimizing time apart promotes bonding, decreases maternal anxiety, and encourages attainment of the maternal role.

Counties without a hospital or birth center offering obstetric care and without any obstetric providers.

The process of flexing the laboring client’s legs until their thighs touch their abdomen.

A specific series of movements to navigate the pelvis (also known as cardinal mechanisms).

The newborn’s first stools are greenish-black and sticky.

When the fetus inhales MSF.

A serious respiratory condition in newborns caused by the inhalation of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, which can lead to airway obstruction, inflammation, and respiratory distress.

A serious respiratory condition in newborns caused by the inhalation of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, which can lead to airway obstruction, inflammation, and respiratory distress.

Brown or green staining of amniotic fluid due to the fetal passage of meconium.

Oil-producing glands deep within the eyelids.

Skin cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the epidermis.

Commonly called the mask of pregnancy, which is hyperpigmentation on the face from the cheekbones to the forehead.

The first occurrence of menstruation in a female, marking the beginning of reproductive capability.

Inflammation or infection of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

A type of spina bifida where the meninges (protective covering of the brain and spinal cord) protrude through an opening in the vertebrae, without the spinal cord.

A specific type of meningitis caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.

Irregular or excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods.

The natural cessation of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years.

Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

The monthly shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus, resulting in blood flow through the vagina.

Used to encompass mental health disorders, psychosocial disabilities, and other mental states with significant distress, impaired functioning, or risk of self-harm.

Representation of mental health fluctuation over the course of an individual's life span ranging from well-being to impaited functioning and illness.

A health condition involving changes in emotion, thinking, behavior, or a combination of these, associated with emotional distress and problems functioning in social, work, or family activities.

Exam to assess a client’s level of consciousness and orientation, appearance and general behavior, speech, motor activity, affect and mood, thought and perception, attitude and insight, and cognitive abilities.

Protruding part of the chin.

Means the fetal chin is facing the mother's abdomen.

Means the fetal chin is facing the mother’s spine.

The fetal head is down with the chin facing the spine, but the face is lying sideways in the birth canal.

High blood glucose, symptoms of diabetes (i.e., increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision), obesity with a large abdominal girth, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, and lower levels of HDL.

The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body.

The spread of cancer from its original site to other parts of the body, such as the bones, liver, or lungs.

Irregular uterine bleeding that occurs between menstrual periods.

Age six to twelve.

Temperature below 36.5°C but above 35.5°C.

Inorganic materials essential for hormone and enzyme production, as well as for bone, muscle, neurological, and cardiac function.

A nutritional assessment for clients over the age of 65.

The fetal heart rate shows slight fluctuations of 5 bpm or less.

The natural loss of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb.

A pregnancy loss where the embryo or fetus has died, but the tissue has not been expelled from the uterus.

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Equal or greater than a 10 centimeter stain of lochia.

Limiting intake to two or fewer drinks a day for men and one or fewer a day for women.

Considered normal and indicates fluctuations in FHR between 6 and 25 bpm above or below baseline.

Temperature 32.0°C to 34.9°C.

Include factors like obesity and smoking and can be reduced by a change in behavior such as healthy diet choices, increased physical activity, and smoking cessation.

A surgical procedure that removes the entire breast, including some of the lymph nodes under the arm, but leaves the chest muscles intact. It is used to treat more advanced breast cancer.

A rare complication where abnormal tissue grows inside the uterus instead of a viable pregnancy.

Compression of these cranial bones, sutures, and fontanelles during labor and delivery.

A type of sweat gland within the eye.

A skin condition caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus; also known as water warts.

The rounded area of fatty tissue over the pubic bone, covered with pubic hair after puberty.

Poor outcomes caused by illness or disease.

Also called the startle reflex, this occurs when a newborn is startled by a sudden sound or movement. The baby responds by extending their arms, legs, and fingers and may cry.

The number of deaths caused by a specific illness or disease.

A therapeutic communication technique used to elicit and emphasize a client’s personal motivation for modifying their behavior to promote health.

The ability to move.

Also called Nabothian cysts, are formed from mucus-producing tissue and typically do not require treatment unless they become very large.

A woman who has given birth more than once.

A pregnancy in which two or more fetuses develop simultaneously, such as twins, triplets, or higher-order multiples.

A blood test that screens for chromosomal disorders and neural tube defects between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy using Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) and free B-hCG markers.

A contagious illness caused by paramyxovirus.

A blowing or whooshing sound that signifies turbulent blood flow.

A relationship in which both partners agree to have sexual relations only with each other. This type of relationship can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

A more severe form of spina bifida, where both the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the spine, causing nerve damage and potential paralysis.

A minimally invasive procedure that involves the destruction of fibroids using heat, cold, or electric current, causing the fibroid tissue to shrink.

A surgical procedure to remove uterine fibroids while preserving the uterus. It is often recommended for women who wish to maintain fertility.

The muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during menstruation and childbirth.

The inability to see far away objects clearly; also referred to as nearsightedness.

Lowest point.

A three-step calculation based on a 28-day menstrual cycle used to determine a pregnant client’s due date. To calculate, subtract three months from the first day of the client’s LMP and then add seven days and then adjust the year.

A common condition affecting up to 20% of newborn clients. It occurs due to a lack of patency or narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct that causes excessive eye watering and usually resolves spontaneously; also known as dacryostenosis.

A serious intestinal disease in premature infants where portions of the bowel become inflamed, infected, or necrotic, leading to potential perforation and sepsis.

A decrease in contractility (force of cardiac contraction), which results in decreased cardiac output.

Removing an undesirable stimulus from the environment to encourage a specific behavior.

Refer to loss of motivation, disinterest or lack of enjoyment in daily activities, social withdrawal, flat affect (i.e., reduced expression of emotions via facial expression or voice tone), and reduced speaking.

A situation in which a parent or caretaker fails, refuses, or is unable, for reasons other than poverty, to provide the necessary care, food, clothing, or medical or dental care, which seriously endangers the physical, mental, or emotional health of the client.

A group of withdrawal symptoms experienced by newborns exposed to addictive substances, such as opioids, in utero.

A specialized hospital unit that provides critical care for newborns who are premature, have low birth weight, or have medical conditions requiring intensive monitoring and treatment.

A series of systematic steps to assess and support newborns who require help with breathing and circulation immediately after birth.

A life-threatening bloodstream infection in newborns, leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.

Sudden burst of energy in preparation for impending labor.

A narrow channel that folds and closes during the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy.

Severe birth defects of the brain and spine that occur when the neural tube, an embryonic structure that develops into the spinal cord and brain, doesn't close completely during pregnancy.

Progressive changes in the structure and function of the brain.

A rare but fatal adverse effect that can occur at any time during treatment with first- or second-generation antipsychotics.

Chemicals in the brain that send messages throughout the nervous system.

Also known as a port-wine stain, this is a dark red or purple capillary malformation that can darken with age.

Also known as "salmon patches" or "stork bites," these are pink-red patches on the skin due to stretched capillaries.

A public health program that screens newborns for various congenital conditions, using blood samples taken from the baby’s heel. Early detection allows for prompt treatment to prevent severe complications.

The first month of life.

Similar to nightmares in that the child appears to wake up, but they are very upset, often screaming, and are not consolable and not aware that someone is trying to help them feel better.

Frightening dreams that usually awaken the sleeper.

Reflects the equilibrium between protein intake and losses.

The fetal spine is not lined up vertically with the mother’s spine and includes oblique lie and transverse lie.

Intentional self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intention and for purposes not socially sanctioned.

Breast pain which does not vary with the menstrual cycle and is generally constantly present in one location.

Breast tissue inflammation in a woman who is not breastfeeding, which may or may not be associated with an infection.

Risk factors that cannot be changed by the client and include factors such as age, gender, and family history/genetic predisposition.

The child's measured growth points closely follow the same percentile line on the chart over time.

A type of ovulatory disorder characterized by normal levels of gonadotropins and estrogen but the absence or irregularity of ovulation. This is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility and is often associated with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

An ultrasound scan that measures the thickness of space at the back of the fetus’s neck, known as the nuchal fold thickness.

A molecular test used to detect the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of specific organisms, including those causing STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea. It is the most sensitive test for diagnosing these infections.

A woman who has never given birth to a live baby.

Individuals who have never given birth.

Establishes regulations for nursing practice and defines the scope of nursing practice in that state.

A critical thinking model based on a systematic approach to client-centered care.

The understanding that something continues to exist even when it is out of sight.

The fetal spine lines up diagonally with the mother’s spine.

Uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety.

A common chronic disorder in which a person has obsessive thoughts and/or behaviors they feel the urge to repeat over and over called compulsions.

Metal instruments that are used to rotate the fetal head or otherwise assist in the vaginal delivery of the fetus.

Heart defects that cause a restriction, or obstruction, in blood flow from within the left side of the heart or out through the body.

Position in which the back of the skull (near the occipital bone) is the leading presenting fetal part.

Position in which the fetal occiput is close to the maternal symphysis pubis, and the face is pointed towards the mother’s spine.

Positions mean the fetal occiput is close to the maternal spine, and the face is pointed toward the maternal symphysis pubis.

Position in which the fetal head is down and the chin is tucked but the head is lying sideways in the birth canal.

Too little amniotic fluid.

Infrequent or irregular menstrual periods, typically occurring more than 35 days apart.

A pattern of irregular ovulation.

A low sperm count.

A surgical procedure to remove part or all of the omentum, which is a layer of fatty tissue in the peritoneum that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. This procedure is often performed in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

A congenital defect where the abdominal organs protrude into the umbilical cord, covered by a membrane

A screening test for gestational diabetes involving the measurement of blood sugar one hour after consuming a glucose drink.

The process of egg cell (ovum) development in the ovaries.

Inflammation of the ovaries.

Ranges from simply knowing the identities of the birth parent(s) to having a continued relationship with the birth parents as the child grows up.

The client inhales deeply and then slowly exhales as they bear down to push.

Clients take deep breaths in and exhale naturally as they feel the urge to bear down and push.

Forceps- or vacuum-assisted birth.

Use of forceps or vacuum-assisted birth.

Includes pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech, and impaired attention or memory during or shortly after opioid use.

Refers to the chronic use of opioids that causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

A substance found in certain prescription pain medications and illegal drugs like heroin.

A mental health condition referring to a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviors, or vindictiveness lasting at least six months.

Painful swelling of the testes.

The phase of embryonic development where the organs of the body begin to form.

The peak of sexual pleasure, often accompanied by the release of tension and involuntary muscle contractions.

An acute or chronic infection of the bone and associated structures; is usually due to bacterial infection.

Inflammation of the external auditory canal; also known as swimmer’s ear.

Acute infection of the middle ear.

Fluid buildup in the middle ear without evidence of infection.

Sexual activities that do not involve vaginal intercourse, which can help reduce the risk of pregnancy and STIs when no bodily fluids are exchanged.

A type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the ovary. It can be difficult to detect early and often causes vague symptoms like bloating, pelvic pain, and abdominal discomfort.

A fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside the ovary. Most ovarian cysts are benign and go away on their own, but some may cause pain or other symptoms and require treatment.

A female reproductive organ that produces eggs (ova) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

The biological response of the human body when too much of a substance is ingested.

The release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, usually occurring around the middle of the menstrual cycle.

A mature egg cell released from the ovary, capable of being fertilized by sperm.

The most commonly used medication for labor induction.

Smoking one pack of cigarettes a day for a year.

When an object is placed in a newborn's palm, they respond by flexing their fingers and grasping the object.

An autoimmune reaction triggered by antibodies produced by a child’s immune system that attack the brain and causes symptoms of tic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort demonstrated by palpitations, sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, nausea, chest discomfort, lightheadedness, paresthesias, and feelings of a tightened throat.

Having recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

A pattern of breathing using two short breaths and one long breath that sounds like “hee-hee-hoo.”

A screening test in which cells are collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope to detect precancerous or cancerous changes.

Small, raised bumps on the skin, such as a mosquito bite.

Play with similar toys independently but near other children.

Characterized by delusions of persecution.

A condition in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the head of the penis and cannot be pulled forward. This can restrict blood flow and is a medical emergency.

Behavioral control.

Refers to parental support and/or emotional warmth, while parental demandingness refers to behavioral control.

The process of nurturing, caring for, socializing, and preparing one’s children for their eventual adult roles.

The number of pregnancies where the client has given birth to a fetus that was 20 weeks of gestation or more, regardless of whether the pregnancy ended in a live birth or fetal demise.

Painful swelling of the parotid salivary glands.

A type of placental abruption where only a part of the placenta detaches from the uterine wall.

Two sperm fertilize a single egg, leading to an abnormal embryo with too many chromosomes. Some fetal tissue may develop, but it is not viable and there is abnormal placental tissue.

Have enough amino acids to sustain life, but not enough for tissue growth and maintenance.

The maternal pelvic structures and soft tissues.

Third aspect of labor is the fetus.

A congenital heart defect in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth.

An opening between the right and left atria that fails to close at birth when the infant takes its first breaths and pressures within the atria begin to rise.

Occurs when there are abnormally elevated levels of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin. It may be present within the first 24 hours of life.

Keeps the peace in the family by helping family members come to agreements.

Lice- killing medications.

Head lice.

A problem of the passage, meaning that the pelvic outlet does not allow the passage of the fetus for birth.

Conditions that decrease the integrity of the pelvic muscular structures.

An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by STIs like chlamydia or gonorrhea. It can result in infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the tissue lining the lower abdomen and surrounding the internal organs, often caused by infection. It can be a complication of PID or other pelvic infections.

The external male genital organ that serves as the conduit for urine and semen to exit the body.

A procedure in which the health care provider guides a needle, with the aid of an ultrasound, into a blood vessel of the umbilical cord to collect a blood sample. The sample is then sent to the lab to be analyzed for genetic disorders and other fetal health considerations.

Plastic bottles with a spray spout that are filled with warm water and gently sprayed on the perineum for cleansing and comfort after voiding and bowel movements.

Also known as mammary ductal ectasia, is chronic inflammation of the breast tissue.

The transitional period leading up to menopause, characterized by hormonal fluctuations and changes in menstrual cycles.

The outermost layer of the uterus, consisting of a thin layer of epithelial cells.

Swollen, firm, bluish-purple discoloration between the vagina and anus, indicating a collection of blood beneath the skin.

May include pouring warm water over the perineum or using wet washcloths to cleanse the perineum moving from the pubic hair line to the anus using a front-to-back motion. A separate area of the washcloth should be used for each stroke to prevent contamination from the rectum to the vaginal area.

The area between the anus and the genitals in both males and females

Rhythm of respirations in the newborn is often irregular with rapid breathing for a few seconds, followed by a pause for up to ten seconds, and then a resumption of  breaths.

Accelerations and decelerations of the FHR in relation to the FHR baseline.

Bluish discoloration around the mouth.

A specific type of cellulitis that occurs around the soft tissue of the eye.

A rare condition that affects ԝοmeո late in рrеgոаոcy or in the early рostpartum period and causes symptoms of heart failure.

The thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. It helps support the organs and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

Parents who exert low control and discipline with high warmth and responsiveness.

A condition in which a newborn’s circulation does not adapt to breathing outside the womb, causing high blood pressure in the lungs and poor oxygenation.

Also known as whooping cough, is a preventable and contagious respiratory disorder caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis.

A device worn inside the vagina to provide support to the pelvic floor muscles and organs.

Small red spots caused by bleeding under the skin.

A condition in which fibrous scar tissue develops inside the penis, causing curved and painful erections. It can affect sexual function and may require medical or surgical treatment.

Inflammation of the pharynx.

Inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils.

A condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis. It can cause pain and lead to infections. Treatment options include topical steroids or circumcision.

Abnormal fears.

Injury inflicted on a child by means other than accidental.

Height and weight, motor skills, sensory capabilities, and the propensity for disease and illness.

Hurting or attempting to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, or using another type of physical force.

A mild type of anemia that occurs during pregnancy when plasma volume increases faster than red blood cell mass.

A normal process that occurs during the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life in which the immature neonatal liver gradually matures and begins to effectively conjugate bilirubin. It typically appears between 48 and 96 hours after birth and resolves within a few weeks. However, if jaundice is present the first 24 hours after birth, it is considered pathological jaundice.

A strong craving for and consumption of a nonfood substance.

A parasitic worm infestation by Enterobius vermicularis.

An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, providing oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products from the fetus's blood.

Implantation of the placenta into the muscle tissue of the uterus.

A condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall, potentially leading to severe complications during delivery.

The placenta is attached in the lower part of the uterus and covers the cervix.

Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery that can cause life-threatening complications such as postpartum hemorrhage and fetal hypoxia.

Similar to the palmar grasp, but occurs when pressure is applied to the sole of the foot, causing the toes to curl under.

A short oval inlet.

A pleasurable activity engaged in for its own sake.

A collapsed lung due to air in the pleural space.

Exposure to a harmful agent.

An infectious disorder caused by poliovirus that can lead to paralysis; commonly referred to as polio.

A condition that causes women to not ovulate or to ovulate irregularly.

Elevated number of red blood cells.

An excessive number of fingers or toes.

Too much amniotic fluid.

A condition where menstrual cycles occur more frequently than normal, typically less than 21 days apart.

Removal of the polyp.

Suggest separation or wound dehiscence.

A condition where an infant develops flat spots on the head, often due to repeated pressure on the back of the head.

Frequent movement changes by the mother promote normal physiological progression of labor and fetal descent through the pelvis.

Improvement in cardiac output by increased contractility (force of the cardiac contraction).

Refers to using anything an individual is interested in and motivated to obtain to reward desired behavior.

Cues provided by the fetus. Signs that directly confirm pregnancy and include auscultation of the fetal heart rate, palpable fetal movement by the examiner, and visualization of the fetus via ultrasound.

Symptoms of psychosis and include abnormal thoughts and perceptions such as illusions, hallucinations, delusions, and abnormal speech patterns.

Inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys as a result of an untreated strep infection; leads to edema, increased blood pressure and alterations in kidney function.

Diagnosed in individuals who have been exposed to a traumatic event with chronic stress symptoms lasting more than one month that are so severe they interfere with relationships, school, or work.

Minimal bleeding or spotting after sex.

Affects 50-80% of postpartum clients due to blood loss during delivery, as well as preexisting iron deficiency.

Feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that may make it difficult for new mothers to complete daily care activities for themselves and/or for their babies.

A mood disorder that can affect new mothers, characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and exhaustion. It typically occurs within the first few months after childbirth.

Total blood loss greater than or equal to 1,000 mL or blood loss and signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours after birth.

Severe postpartum depression resulting delusions (thoughts or beliefs that are not true), hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or smelling things that are not there), mania (a high, elated mood that often seems out of touch with reality), paranoia, and confusion.

A psychiatric emergency with risk for potential suicide and infanticide.

A birth that occurs after 42 completed weeks (294 days) of gestation.

Refers to the strength of the uterine contractions that move the fetus through the pelvis during labor, as well as the maternal pushing efforts during delivery of the fetus.

The early phase of prenatal development, from fertilization through the second week, before the embryo is fully implanted in the uterus.

A pocket or fistula located in front of the ear.

Labor and delivery that is extremely rapid, usually less than three hours from start of the contractions to birth.

Clients see no need to find a solution to a problem because they are unaware of a problem or lack insight into the consequences of their lifestyle choices and/or behavior.

New onset of hуреrtеnѕion (blood pressure greater than 140/90) and рrotеinuriа, or new onset of hуреrtеsion plus significant end-organ dysfunction with or without рroteinuriа, in a previously normotensive pregnant client.

Diabetes that exists before pregnancy, which requires careful management during pregnancy.

Filling pressure of the heart.

Sometimes referred to as premature menopause, occurs when a woman’s ovaries fail before she is 40 years of age.

A severe form of PMS characterized by extreme mood changes, such as depression, irritability, and anxiety, along with physical symptoms like bloating and breast tenderness.

A group of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman's menstrual period. Common symptoms include mood swings, bloating, fatigue, and irritability. The symptoms typically resolve with the start of menstruation.

The stage at which one seeks substances again after a period of abstinence.

The client acknowledges that a behavior or risk is problematic and can make a commitment to correct it in the next 30 days.

The foreskin in males covering the glans of the penis.

The fetal part present in the lower part of the uterus.

Subjective cues of early pregnancy. Symptoms noticed by the client including quickening, amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and breast enlargement and tenderness.

Infants born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Labor that begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy, increasing the risk of complications for the baby.

Labor occurring from 20 weeks gestation to 36 6/7 weeks gestation.

Refers to rupture of amniotic membranes prior to the 37th completed week of gestation and before spontaneous labor.

Painful or prolonged penile erections.

The absence of menarche by the age of 16 years.

Typical menstrual pain that occurs before or during a period and resolves within 12 to 72 hours of menstrual flow.

When a pregnancy has never been achieved by a person.

Preventing illness and injury.

Characteristics that are present at birth, such as ovaries in females and testes in males.

The condition of being pregnant for the first time or having given birth to one child.

A woman who has previously given birth once.

Objective cues discoverable by the healthcare provider. Signs that are objectively noticed by the health care provider and include Chadwick sign, Goodell sign, Hegar sign, enlargement of the uterus, skin hyperpigmentation, and palpation of the fetus.

Seeking treatment related to a stressor, such as counseling or cognitive behavioral therapy.

A hormone produced by the ovaries and placenta that helps prepare the endometrium for pregnancy and maintains early stages of gestation.

A condition in which an organ or tissue falls or slips from its normal position, usually due to weakening or damage to the supporting muscles or tissues.

The umbilical cord lies beside or in front of the fetal presenting part.

Isolated, sporadic decelerations of at least 15 bpm from the FHR baseline that last two to ten minutes from onset to return to baseline.

A second stage labor lasting longer than three hours for a nulliparous person and longer than two hours for a multiparous person.

Defined as more than 3 hours of pushing in nulliparous individuals and 2 hours of pushing in multiparous individuals.

Awareness of body movement and position.

A male gland that surrounds the urethra and produces fluid that is part of semen.

A protein produced by the prostate gland.

Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can be caused by bacterial infection or other factors.

Peptides and amino acids that provide 4 kcal/g of energy.

Bulging.

From the center of the body outward.

Lesion that resembles a cyst but with a less-defined boundary.

An increase in fat but not gland tissue in male breasts.

Refers to the psychological emotional state of the mother giving birth and plays an important role during labor and delivery.

The use of verbal and/or nonverbal communication with the intent to harm another partner mentally or emotionally and/or to exert control over another partner.

Refers to parenting practices such as guilt induction, withdrawal of love, shaming, or other intrusive acts that affect the psychological and emotional development of the child.

Disturbed thoughts and mental processing.

A component of the nursing assessment that detects risks and identifies treatment opportunities and resources.

Refers to the intersection of social, cultural, and environmental influences on the mind and behavior.

Emotion, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships with families, peers, and friends.

Refers to any psychological service provided by specially trained mental health professionals that primarily uses forms of communication and interaction to assess, diagnose, and treat dysfunctional emotional reactions, ways of thinking, and behavior patterns.

Drugs that treat mental health symptoms.

The phase of development during which individuals undergo physical changes that lead to sexual maturity and reproductive capability.

Small parasites that infest the hair in the pubic area, causing itching. They are spread through close personal contact, including sexual activity.

A type of regional anesthesia caused by injection of a local anesthetic into the pudendal nerve that provides sensation to the perineum, anus, vulva, and clitoris.

Excess fluid in the lungs.

Increased pressure in the arteries of the lungs.

Refers to using an unpleasant or painful stimulus to discourage a specific behavior, such as the use of spanking with children.

Refer to eating large amounts of food in a short time followed by self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to eliminate what was consumed.

Pus-producing; also called suppurative.

Fluid- or pus-filled bumps on the skin, such as acne.

Any suppurative (pus-producing) infection of the skin.

Measures the maternal serum levels of four pregnancy markers (alpha fetoprotein, hCG, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin-A), and a blood sample is drawn when the client is between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation.

An example of a maternal blood screen test to detect an increased risk of the fetus having a birth defect such as Down Syndrome. The quad screen measures maternal blood for alpha fetoprotein (AFP), estriol, human chorionic gonadoptropin (hCG) and inhibin A.

A process of weighing and measuring the amount of blood lost during childbirth and the immediate postpartum period.

The first movements of the fetus felt by the pregnant person, typically occurring around the 16th to 20th week of pregnancy.

A process impacting newborn thermoregulation which causes heat loss when the newborn is placed near cooler objects, such as an outside wall or window.

Uses high-energy rays (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer cells.

Refers to a learner’s ability to acquire knowledge and initiate behavior change that leads to effective and successful outcomes.

A long piece of cloth.

A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.

A condition in which the rectum bulges into the vaginal wall due to weakened pelvic muscles.

An opening from the rectum to the vagina.

The loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies.

Involuntary movements in response to stimulation.

Induces a loss of feeling in a specific part of the body.

A child reverting to a previous developmental stage as a means of coping with trauma, frustration, or stress.

Occurs when an individual returns to the former problematic behavior, such as smoking, drinking excessively, or misusing other substances.

One of the hormones that prepares the woman’s body for birth, softens the ligaments of the pelvis which then causes a shift in the pelvic floor anatomy to accommodate the changes in diameter needed for birth.

Fixed beliefs unique to an individual rather than an accepted belief by a cultural or existing religion.

When individuals with substance use disorder overcome their disorder with effective treatment and regain health and social function.

A medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating infertility and hormonal disorders related to the reproductive system.

A genetic test used to identify whether an individual carries a gene for certain inherited disorders that could be passed on to their offspring.

Tests and assessments conducted to evaluate reproductive health, including fertility and potential genetic conditions.

Refers to an individual successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal demands.

The ability to effectively cope with adversity.

Refer to child placement in temporary, licensed care due to extenuating circumstances involving their family of origin.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a common lung disorder in premature newborns caused by a deficiency of surfactant, a substance that helps keep the lungs inflated.

Actions performed to decrease the spread of infection to others, such as covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, then disposing of the tissue in the trash.

The fetal shoulders turn to the left or right oblique diameter of the pelvis to allow for easier passage under the maternal pubic arch.

Devices used in health care settings to prevent clients from causing harm to themselves or others when alternative interventions are not effective.

A severe condition where the retina separates from the underlying tissue, which can occur as a complication of retinopathy of prematurity, leading to vision loss.

A disorder affecting the retinal blood vessels of premature infants, potentially leading to vision impairment or blindness if untreated.

The visible sinking in of the chest wall with each breath, indicating increased respiratory effort and distress in newborns.

Referring to the backward movement of semen into the bladder instead of being expelled from the urethra, can also contribute to a low sperm count.

A very rare but serious pediatric illness that is associated with the use of aspirin or aspirin-containing products by those experiencing viral illness.

Blood group incompatibility which occurs when a mother who is Rh-negative is pregnant with a fetus who is Rh-positive.

Occurs when a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood, causing her immune system to produce antibodies to attack the Rh-positive blood.

The most common cause of upper respiratory infections, commonly called a “cold.”

Position in which the fetal chin is facing the mother's abdomen slightly to the right.

The fetal chin is facing the mother’s spine, to the right.

Position in which the occiput slightly facing the mother’s right side.

Position in which the back of the fetal head slightly faces right.

Occurs when the right side of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to the lungs for oxygenation. As a result, blood backs up in the veins, leading to fluid accumulation in various parts of the body.

Completing activities that should be the responsibility of someone else.

The newborn remains with the mother and partner instead of spending some extended time in a nursery.

Helps the newborn prepare for feeding and is elicited by stroking the newborn’s cheek with a finger or nipple.

A common respiratory virus that affects children and also poses a risk to older adults.

Also known as the German measles, is a contagious viral condition that affects children and adolescents who are not immune.

Commonly known as measles, is an acute, contagious viral illness that is preventable by vaccine.

The creases over the surface of the scrotum.

Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac prior to the onset of labor.

A surgical procedure to remove one or both fallopian tubes, often performed to treat ectopic pregnancy or prevent future complications.

A set of actions that can help lower the risk of a person being hurt by an abusive partner.

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, usually caused by infection. It is commonly associated with PID and can lead to infertility if untreated.

The part of the muscle responsible for releasing and storing calcium ions in muscle fibers, causing contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Fats that come from animal products, such as butter and red meat (e.g., steak).

An infectious skin disorder that is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite.

Equal to or less than 2.5 centimeter stain of lochia rubra.

A disorder that affects the valves of the heart and is caused by an untreated strep infection.

A severe mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.

A test used during pregnancy to identify whether a fetus is more or less likely to have certain birth defects, many of which are genetic disorders.

A public health approach to early intervention and treatment for individuals with substance use disorders.

The external sac that contains the testes in males, regulating the temperature for sperm production.

A specific type of depression that includes mood changes and symptoms similar to depression.

Known as cradle cap in infants, this is an oily rash that causes thick, yellow scales on the scalp, as well as redness in the face, neck, and behind the ears. It typically resolves on its own with gentle care.

The confinement of a client in a locked room or an area from which they cannot exit on their own.

Perineal skin, vaginal mucous membrane, underlying fascia, and central tendon of the perineum that lies between the vagina and the anus.

Stage of labor which commences at 10 cm cervical dilation and ends on delivery of the neonate.

14 to 27 weeks and six days of gestation.

A laceration that affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle of the perineum, as well as the vagina.

The absence of menstruation for three or more consecutive cycles in women who previously experienced regular menstrual cycles.

Menstrual pain caused by an underlying condition such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or fibroids.

When at least one prior pregnancy has been achieved.

Early detection of disease.

Physical traits that develop during puberty, such as breast development in females or facial hair in males, that are not directly involved in reproduction.

When a caregiver is sensitive to the infant’s needs and consistently and effectively responds to them.

Purposely injuring one’s body, such as cutting oneself with a sharp object.

The ability to care for oneself through awareness, self-control, and self-reliance to achieve, maintain, or promote optimal health and well-being.

The day-to-day management of chronic conditions by individuals over the course of an illness as active participants in their own care, including problem-solving, decision-making, resource utilization, partnerships with health care providers, and taking action.

Control of oneself by oneself.

The fluid that carries sperm, produced by the prostate, seminal vesicles, and other glands in the male reproductive system.

A laboratory test that evaluates the health and viability of a man’s sperm, including its count, movement, and shape, to assess fertility potential.

An agency caseworker, lawyer, or other mediators passes information like photos and letters between the birth parent(s) and the adoptive family.

Glands that produce a significant portion of the fluid that makes up semen, contributing nutrients and enzymes to support sperm.

Tubes located within the testes where sperm production (spermatogenesis) takes place.

Children may feel anxiety or worry when separated from their caregivers.

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached.

A life-threatening condition where the body's immune system overreacts to an infection, causing widespread inflammation and potential organ damage.

A life-threatening decrease in blood pressure (systolic pressure <90 mm Hg) that prevents cells and other organs from receiving enough oxygen and nutrients, causing multi-organ failure and death.

A muscular wall that separates the atria or ventricles of the heart.

Occurs when your body has too much serotonin with symptoms ranging from mental status changes, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular hyperactivity.

Blood pressure levels equal to or greater than 160/110 mmHg, requiring immediate medical attention during pregnancy.

Temperature less than 32.0°C.

Sexual intercourse or sexual touching of a child; sexual exploitation; human trafficking of a child; forced viewing of sexual activity; or permitting, allowing, or encouraging a child to engage in prostitution.

A person’s enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others, which can include being heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or others.

Forcing or attempting to force a partner to take part in a sex act, sexual touching, or a nonphysical sexual event (e.g., sexting) when the partner does not or cannot consent.

A disease resulting from a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Not all STIs lead to symptoms or diseases, but when they do, they are referred to as STDs.

An infection that is passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

A painful rash that usually develops on one side of the body, often the face or torso.

The shoulder of the newborn becomes stuck on the mother’s pubic symphysis.

Presentation in which the fetus is in a transverse lie and the shoulder enters the pelvis first.

A term for alternative circulatory pathways that allow blood to bypass the lungs and liver until birth.

A genetic blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S. This abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky, and shaped like a crescent or "sickle."

When a person inherits one normal hemoglobin gene (hemoglobin A) and one sickle cell gene (hemoglobin S). This means they carry the sickle cell gene but do not have the disease.

Another term for missed miscarriage, where no symptoms of pregnancy loss are immediately evident.

Small molecules (called monosaccharides or disaccharides) and break down quickly.

Inflammation of the sinuses.

Refers to a wavelike pattern with regular frequency (three to five per minute) and amplitude.

A systemic inflammatory response to infection, trauma, or other triggers, which can lead to sepsis.

Sitting in a warm, shallow bath.

Healthy habits that support good sleep.

Also known as somnambulism, is a sleep disorder that causes individuals to walk or perform other activities while they are still asleep.

Less than a 10 centimeter stain of lochia.

A term used for infants whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile for their gestational age, often due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Burning sacred herbs to cleanse, purify, and connect with the spirit world.

Extreme anxiety or fear related to social situations where they may be scrutinized by others.

The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes.

The conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age.

A type of behaviorism but suggests that individuals learn by observing and imitating others.

The process by which individuals learn characteristics of their cultural group’s norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.

An ultrasound scan that is performed after fluid is injected into the uterus through a tube placed through the vagina and cervix.

A medical instrument used to widen the vaginal opening during gynecological exams to allow for inspection of the cervix and vagina.

The male reproductive cell, responsible for fertilizing the female egg (ovum).

A bundle of fibers and tissues that run from the abdomen to each testicle, containing blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens.

A fluid-filled sac that develops in the epididymis, often containing dead sperm cells. It is usually painless and benign.

The process by which sperm are produced and matured in the testes.

A chemical agent that kills or immobilizes sperm to prevent pregnancy.

A neural tube defect where the spinal cord and vertebrae do not fully form, leading to potential paralysis or other neurological impairments.

Involves injecting a local anesthetic and opioid into the third, fourth, or fifth lumbar space into the subarachnoid space, but a catheter is not inserted for further medication to be infused (as is done during an epidural).

A severe headache that worsens when the person sits in an upright position.

A genetic disorder that causes weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles due to the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord.

A dynamic and intrinsic aspect of humanity through which persons seek ultimate meaning, purpose, and transcendence and experience relationships to self, family, others, community, society, nature, and the significant or sacred.

A miscarriage or natural loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation.

A pattern of repeated, unwanted attention and contact by a partner that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone close to the victim.

12 ounces of beer, a 5-ounce glass or wine, or 1.5 ounces of liquor.

An infection caused by strains of Staphylococcus bacteria that produce toxins.

When a newborn's feet touch a surface, they appear to "walk" by placing one foot in front of the other.

Procedures typically used by midwives to relieve back pain during labor based on the gate control theory of pain.

A negative impression associated with certain conditions such as SUD.

Test combines the fecal immunochemical test with a test that detects altered DNA in the stool.

A disorder in which the eyes are not properly aligned, leading to them looking in different directions; more commonly known as crossed eyes.

Distress a child may have when interacting with people they do not know.

The tongue initially has a white coating and then appears red and bumpy.

Urine leakage with increased abdominal pressure like coughing or sneezing.

The body’s endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems respond to actual or perceived stressors with the “fight, flight, or freeze”.

Any internal or external event, force, or condition that results in physical or emotional stress.

Stretch marks.

Commonly called stretch marks, are reddish lines where the skin has stretched to accommodate the growth in the breasts, abdomen, and buttocks during pregnancy.

A high-pitched sound can occur as the client breathes through an obstructed airway.

The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac cycle (heart beat).

Bleeding between the skull and the scalp.

The uterus not adequately returning to its prepregnant size.

The use of alcohol or drugs in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause harm to the user or to those around them.

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment.

Anxiety or panic attacks after exposure or withdrawal from a medication or substance.

This reflex can be tested by putting a gloved finger or pacifier in the newborn’s mouth and assessing the strength and coordination of the suck.

The unexplained death of an infant under one year of age, typically occurring during sleep with no known cause after thorough investigation.

The sudden, unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant under one year of age, typically occurring during sleep.

Refers to thinking about or formulating plans for suicide.

An acute inflammatory response of the skin to ultraviolet ray exposure.

The voice of one’s conscience that distinguishes between right and wrong and creates feelings of guilt.

Producing pus; purulent.

Reduces surface tension of alveoli and prevents alveolar collapse.

A woman impregnated through in vitro fertilization and delivers a child for a couple or individual.

No criteria have been met for 12 months or longer.

Webbing of the toes or fingers.

A bacterial STI caused by Treponema pallidum. It progresses in stages and can cause serious health problems if untreated, including damage to the heart, brain, and other organs.

A serious condition that occurs when the body has an exaggerated defense response to a harmful stressor, resulting in severe inflammation throughout the body.

The amount of force exerted by the vasculature of the body, which contributes to afterload.

Temperature, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.

Contractions occur too frequently or last longer than two minutes.

During the first one to three postpartum days, the client has a great need to talk about the labor and birth experience and may be preoccupied with her own needs. Sleep and rest are major physiological needs during this phase.

Phase that occurs four to ten days after delivery, the postpartum client’s focus turns to the newborn. The client becomes more confident in caring for the newborn and more comfortable in the maternal role, but may continue to seek support from family members and friends who can provide guidance and understanding.

Phase that occurs in the first one to three days after birth, the postpartum client is focused on their physical recovery, adapting to body changes, and caring for the newborn.

A scale that measures the physical development of children, adolescents, and adults based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics.

A brief episode where a toddler expresses anger or frustration with behaviors such as screaming, flailing, going limp, crying, throwing objects, or holding their breath.

A syndrome of movement disorders that persists for at least one month and can last up to several years despite discontinuation of the medications.

Targeted therapy works with the body’s immune system to help it fight cancer cells or to control side effects from other cancer treatments.

A rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system and is more common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.

The process of implementing a variety of methods with the intention of producing learning.

IPV occurs during adolescence.

Substances or environmental factors that can cause birth defects or abnormal development in a fetus.

Helping clients reduce the severity of disease and/or altered functioning.

Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone.

A type of cancer that occurs in the testicles, the male reproductive glands.

A medical emergency where the spermatic cord, which provides blood to the testicle, twists and cuts off the blood supply. This condition can cause severe pain and swelling and requires immediate surgery.

The primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics and reproductive functions.

Occur in those with Tetralogy of Fallot and consist of worsening cyanosis, increasing respiratory rate, increase in respiratory depth, syncope, and even cardiac arrest.

An infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which can be found in soil, dust or the feces of animals.

A combination of four different congenital heart defects in which there is a ventral septal defect, hypertrophy of the right ventricle, narrowing of the pulmonic valve, and a displaced aorta.

A genetic blood disorder that causes the body to produce an abnormal form of hemoglobin, leading to anemia.

Tone, Trauma, Tissue, and Thrombin.

A federal agency that sets standards for health care agencies with a focus on “client safety and quality improvement."

A set of actions that can be taken to protect the newborn from the effects of hypothermia at birth and the following few days to minimize the risks for heat loss.

Hugging someone who feels distressed (after asking their permission) to promote a feeling of connection with the hugger.

The use of play to help children express their feelings, provide education or enhance medical treatments.

Areas of the second degree with extension through the anal sphincter that may extend up the anterior wall of the rectum.

The period between delivery of the neonate and delivery of the placenta.

28 weeks until delivery.

A perineal tear extends to or through the anal sphincter.

A condition characterized by vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy with the risk of miscarriage.

Coughing, Choking, and Cyanosis.

A diagnostic test for gestational diabetes involving multiple blood sugar measurements over three hours after consuming a glucose drink.

Blood clots.

Sitting quietly without interaction from a parent.

A fungal infection of the scalp.

A fungal infection of the trunk, neck and extremities; also known as ringworm.

A fungal infection of the groin; also known as jock itch.

A fungal infection of the feet; also known as athlete’s foot.

A fungal infection of the extremities, trunk, and neck that leads to changes in skin color.

Ringing in the ears.

Pressure sensitive device.

Pressure sensitive contraction transducer which records the pressure force produced by the contorting abdomen during uterine contractions.

Medications used to relax the uterus that help facilitate blood flow to the uterus.

Drugs used to delay preterm labor by suppressing uterine contractions.

Age one to three years.

A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or the desired effect and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance.

Also known as the "fencing" position, this reflex occurs when the baby’s head is turned to one side. The arm and leg on that side will extend, while the opposite limbs bend.

Surgical removal of the tonsils.

Inflammation of the tonsils.

A medical condition where a testicle twists on the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply and potentially causing damage if not treated promptly.

A surgical procedure in which the entire breast is removed to treat or prevent breast cancer. The underlying muscles and lymph nodes are left intact.

A rare but life-threatening condition caused by toxins produced by certain strains of bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. It is often associated with the use of tampons or wound infections. Symptoms include high fever, rash, low blood pressure, and organ failure.

A parasitic infection that can be transmitted to pregnant women through handling cat feces or exposure to insects that come in contact with cat feces, in addition to consuming undercooked meats.

Minerals are needed in tiny amounts including zinc, iron, chromium, copper, fluorine, iodine, manganese, molybdemun, and selenium.

A congenital defect where an abnormal connection forms between the trachea and esophagus, often associated with esophageal atresia.

Keeps family traditions like decorating for holidays or celebrating birthdays, which adds to family cohesiveness.

Fats that have been altered through a hydrogenation process, so they are not in their natural state.

A noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression.

The application of electrical currents to the surface of the skin which blocks pain signal transmission and releases endorphins.

A term describing individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

People who identify as a male but were assigned female gender at birth.

May be observed when there is a delay in clearing fluid from the lungs after birth.

A congenital heart defect in which the positions of the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched, resulting in abnormal circulation of blood.

A commonly used framework used to help clients change behaviors and make healthier lifestyle choices, such as smoking and substance cessation, weight loss, enhanced physical activity, sunscreen use, and condom use.

A surgical procedure used to treat BPH. Small cuts are made in the prostate to widen the urethra and improve urine flow.

A surgical procedure to remove part of the prostate gland through the urethra. It is commonly used to treat BPH when medication is ineffective.

A transducer is inserted into the vaginal to obtain detailed images of the pelvic structures.

The fetal spine is horizontal to the mother’s spine, similar to a plus (+) sign.

An approach that uses a lens of trauma to understand the range of cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms individuals may demonstrate in health care systems.

The administration of medication or the performance of psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy, or experimental research on an individual who has not provided informed consent.

A parasitic STI caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include itching, burning, and discharge, though many people have no symptoms.

A period of pregnancy milestone represented by 13 weeks.

A genetic condition where an individual has three copies of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual and developmental delays, and characteristic physical features.

Also called sterilization and commonly referred to as “getting your tubes tied,” is a safe and effective surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy.

The rupture of a fallopian tube, commonly due to an ectopic pregnancy, which can cause severe abdominal pain and internal bleeding.

A collection of pus in or around the fallopian tubes and ovaries, typically resulting from a severe pelvic infection such as PID. This is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.

A method used to provide positive pressure ventilation to an infant during neonatal resuscitation, where both thumbs are placed on the infant's chest to compress the sternum, aiding in heart function when traditional chest compressions are needed.

Fluid removal from the middle ear.

A test used to diagnose otitis media with effusion; the test measures how well the tympanic membrane moves.

An independent, volunteer panel of national experts that makes evidence-based recommendations about preventive services including screening.

Break in the skin or open sore such as a venous ulcer.

Imaging of the breast helps to distinguish fluid-filled cysts from solid structures.

A safe and painless diagnostic procedure that uses high frequency sound waves and allows health care providers to visualize the inside of the uterus and examine the developing fetus.

A pair of vessels that runs within the umbilical cord and carries fetal blood low in oxygen and high in waste to the placenta for exchange with maternal blood.

The cord connecting the developing fetus to the placenta, allowing the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus.

The umbilical vein is a blood vessel in the umbilical cord that carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.

A tool to manage and decrease the impact of unwanted thoughts.

Parents who exert low control and discipline, as well as low warmth and responsiveness.

The intentional and unnecessary confinement of an individual in a locked room, involuntary separation from their living area, use of physical restraints, or the provision of unnecessary or excessive medication.

Fats come from oils and plants, although chicken and fish also contain some unsaturated fats.

Play that is freely chosen, led by the child, and not directed by adults.

Swelling and irritation of the upper airways, often caused by rhinovirus, also referred to as the common cold.

An opening between the urethra and the vagina.

A minimally invasive procedure that uses a catheter to block blood flow to the uterus.

Similar to uterine fibroid embolization; a procedure where the uterine arteries are embolized (blocked) to treat various conditions, including fibroids, by cutting off the blood supply to abnormal tissue.

Lack of proper contraction of the uterine muscles.

A type of cancer that starts in the uterus.

A pattern of rhythmic tightening and relaxation of smooth muscle fibers of the uterus that cause downward pressure on the fetus.

Uterine contractions or the maternal pushing effort is inadequate to cause cervical changes that progress to birth.

Non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus, also known as leiomyomas or myomas. Fibroids can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and pressure in the pelvis, but many women with fibroids have no symptoms.

A non-surgical procedure used to treat fibroids by blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink. Small particles are injected into the uterine arteries during this procedure to cut off blood flow to the fibroid.

The natural process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy state after giving birth.

A condition where the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic muscles and ligaments, often caused by childbirth, aging, or other factors that weaken pelvic support.

Tearing or an opening in the muscle of the uterus.

The delayed return of the uterus to its normal size and condition after childbirth.

Refers to more than five uterine contractions in ten minutes or a contraction length of two or more minutes within a 30-minute period.

A lack of oxygenated blood coming from the uterus to the placenta.

Medications that promote uterine contractions.

Medications that increase the one and contractility of the uterus and are administered immediately following the birth of the newborn or delivery of the placenta.

The female reproductive organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus during pregnancy.

A group of congenital abnormalities, including Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal abnormalities, and Limb defects.

The muscular canal in females that leads from the cervix to the outside of the body, playing a role in menstruation, sexual intercourse, and childbirth.

Clients who have had a previous C-section may have the option in subsequent births to attempt a trial of labor and vaginal delivery.

A flexible, small ring that is inserted into the vagina, releasing hormones (estrogen and progestin) to prevent ovulation and pregnancy.

An opening from the vagina to another anatomical structure. 

This occurs when the walls of the vagina lose their support and either bulge or protrude through the vaginal opening.

A procedure where a balloon catheter is inserted into a narrowed (stenosed) valve and inflated to widen the valve.

Abrupt decelerations of FHR of at least 15 bpm below the baseline that last at least 15 to 30 seconds.

A highly contagious disease that is a result of primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, also known as chickenpox.

An enlargement of veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, which can affect fertility.

Swollen, twisted veins that are visible just under the skin.

The duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

A surgical procedure that involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens to prevent sperm from reaching the semen, effectively sterilizing the male.

Commonly known as hot flashes and night sweats.

The most restrictive vegetarian diet and does not include dairy, eggs, or other animal products.

Include beans, grains, and fruits and vegetables but do not contain red meat, poultry, seafood, or other animal flesh.

Occurs when the enlarging uterus places pressure on the vena cava starting around 28 weeks of gestation, which can cause decreased blood flow back to the heart.

Pneumonia that is diagnosed in someone who has been on a ventilator.

A congenital heart defect in which there is a hole between the two ventricles of the heart.

A heart defect occurring when there is a hole in the septum separating the right and left ventricles that allows blood to shunt from the left to right ventricle.

A cheese-like substance that covers the skin of the newborn and protects their sensitive skin in-utero from prolonged exposure to amniotic fluid.

A cheese-like substance that covers the skin of newborns, providing protection and aiding in thermoregulation in-utero.

The most common type cephalic presentation, meaning the fetal head is down in the maternal pelvis with its neck flexed and the chin tucked into its chest, thus minimizing the diameter of the fetal head to conform to the maternal pelvis.

This incision is made vertically along the midline of the abdomen, usually starting just below the umbilicus and extending down to the pubic bone.

Feeling like the room is spinning.

Sepsis occurring after 28 days, primarily affecting preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Small, fluid-filled lesion, such as a herpes blister.

An opening between the bladder and the vagina.

An extensive rash that is accompanied by a viral infection.

A condition in newborns caused by a lack of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.

Individuals over age 16 who present to a psychiatric facility and request hospitalization.

The external female genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.

Also known as a yeast infection, VVC is a common fungal infection of the vulva and vagina caused by the overgrowth of Candida species. Symptoms include itching, burning, and a thick, white vaginal discharge.

A management strategy where the patient and doctor monitor a condition over time without immediate intervention. This approach is often used for conditions like BPH or early-stage prostate cancer.

Vitamins not stored in the body, include vitamin C and B-complex vitamins.

The immersion of the client in water during the second stage of labor and delivery of the fetus.

Routine visits with a health care provider that provide opportunities to monitor growth and development, screen for medical problems, provide anticipatory guidance, and promote safety and wellness.

Swollen, inflamed skin that itches or burns, often from an allergic reaction.

An increased difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.

The stage at which an individual experiences a negative emotional state in the absence of the substance.

Oil-producing glands of the eye.

Fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).