Chapter 18
Endometriosis Case Study Answers
- Symptoms of endometriosis:
- Pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea).
- Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia).
- Infertility.
- Heavy or irregular menstrual periods.
- Fatigue and bowel or urinary symptoms during menstruation.
- Diagnostic tools:
- Pelvic ultrasound to detect ovarian endometriomas.
- MRI for detailed imaging.
- Laparoscopy, the gold standard, allows direct visualization and biopsy of endometrial lesions.
- Treatment options:
- Medical: NSAIDs for pain, hormonal therapies such as oral contraceptives, progestins, or GnRH agonists to reduce lesion growth.
- Surgical: Laparoscopic excision or ablation of endometrial implants; hysterectomy in severe cases.
- Nurse’s role in supporting goals:
- Develop a pain management plan involving medications and non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., heating pads, relaxation techniques).
- Refer Samantha to a fertility specialist if conception is a priority.
- Provide emotional support and counseling.
- Patient education:
- Encourage regular physical activity to reduce pain.
- Promote a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods.
- Advise stress management techniques like yoga or meditation.
- Inform about the potential impact of endometriosis on fertility and available options.
- Resources:
- Refer to organizations like the Endometriosis Association or Endometriosis Foundation of America.
- Suggest online forums or local support groups for individuals with endometriosis.
- Provide contact information for reproductive endocrinologists or pain management specialists.
