13.1 Introduction to the Respiratory System
Learning Objectives
- Identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the respiratory system
- Correlate the structural components of the respiratory system with their functions
- Explain the mechanics of ventilation with reference to respiratory volumes and capacities
- Summarize the functions of the respiratory system
Introduction
Typically, a human cannot survive without breathing for more than three minutes. Every cell in the body needs oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During this process, carbon dioxide is released as a waste product that must be eliminated. Interestingly, while oxygen is essential for cellular function, it is actually the buildup of carbon dioxide that strongly triggers our urge to breathe.
Through the respiratory system, oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled. This system includes muscles involved in breathing, passageways through which air moves, and microscopic gas exchange surfaces covered by capillaries. The circulatory system transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues throughout the body and transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs for elimination. Pulmonology is the study of the lungs and their functions.
The study of the lungs and their functions.
